International human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International human resource management - Essay Example At the same time the HRM should be flexible enough such that the differences in the HRM policies and practices can accommodate the different cultural and business settings (Sims, 2007). Marginson and Sisson (1994) have argued that industrial relations are deep rooted in the national system, which obstructs the penetration of transnational practices by Multi National Enterprises (MNEs). The increased pressure of globalization has made the MNEs to standardize their HRM procedures internationally such that the internal consistency is maintained and ‘best practices’ are percolated to the subsidiaries. This has raised the question of whether the standardized approach for labor relation framed by the MNEs actually caters to the type of employment. In this context the case study has examined the various workforce characteristics of McDonald’s operating in United Kingdom (UK) and Germany. An in detailed analysis about their appraisal, recruitment and characteristics of wo rkforce has been studied. McDonald’s Corporation is one of the most renowned companies in the world. It is the fast food chain, symbolized by a golden arch and has spread its business all over the world. It is recognized as a foremost franchising company, with 80% of its restaurant operating and owned by the franchisees (McDonald's, 2013; Briscoe, Schuler and Tarique, 2012). Interbrand has positioned McDonald’s at the seventh place among the top 100 brands in the world. McDonald’s is operating in different countries, which signifies that it has to adopt its product and services in such a way that it matches not only the cultural, political and economical factors of the country but also the HR practices adapted by them. The HR professional at McDonald’s, before opening their operation in any country conduct an extensive research in order to understand and determine the ways in which the HR activities may be adjusted (Aswathappa and Dash, 2007). As pointed by Love (1995) McDonald’s is well known across the globe for its standardized level of image and product. McDonald’s tends to impose the practices followed in the home country in relation to the trade unions, employee participation and control over the operations of the franchisee. In this context two aspects are studied to analyze the extent to which the standardized approach of labor relation designed by McDonald’s caters to the type of people employed and accommodation of different type of workers by McDonald’s, available in the different labor markets. Recruitment and Appraisal Studies suggest that the business organizations in Germany have a lower level of staffing as compared to the organization in UK. The reason was that the restaurant in Germany has more number of full time workers as compared to that of UK. This was due to the introduction of the German collective agreement that was introduced in the year 1989 for the employees of McDonaldâ€℠¢s. Recruitment for McDonald’s was done through the process of application. Then the applicants had to undergo lie detection process. But it was abolished after there were changes in the labor laws of US. McDonald’s was also in headlines due to the charges bought by a investigative journalist that if during the interview process the interviewing manager finds that the applicant has any

Core Competencies Essay Example for Free

Core Competencies Essay A business or product which generates a sturdy, dependable flow of cash. Dog- a product with low market share in a slow growing market and thus neither generates more consumes large amounts of cash. Star- products that are in high growth markets with a relatively high share of that market. They tend to generate high amounts of income. Question Mark- growing rapidly and thus consumes large amounts of cash but because they have low markets shares they do not generate much cash 2. What are core competences? Core competences are critical capabilities to a business achieving competitive advantage. The starting point for analysing core competences is recognising that competition between businesses is as much a race for competence mastery as it is for market position and market power. Senior management cannot focus on all activities of a business and the competencies required to undertake them. So the goal is for management to focus attention on competencies that really affect competitive advantage. 4 Potential sources of core competences * Distribution * Marketing * Management * Manufacturing 4 criteria used to evaluate core competences * Valuable * Rare * Costly to imitate * Non substitutable 3. What should an audit of resources include? The resources available to a business whether it be owned or obtained through partnerships, joint ventures or simply suppliers arrangement with other businesses. The assessment of the strength and weakness of an organisation in conjunction with an assessment of opportunities and threats. It should have the key success factors for the markets and industries in question and the comparable strengths and weaknesses of competitors for the same customers. 4. What are the strategic options for competing in a Mature Industry? Prune marginal products and models * Emphasize innovation in the value chain Strong focus on cost reduction * Increase sales to present customers * Purchase rivals at bargain prices * Expand internationally * Build new, more flexible competitive capabilities 5. Define the Value System The Value System is the set of interdependent situations within a business which both directly or indirectly adds value to the customer and ultimately generates a net cash inflow. This also provides a key link between competitive strategy and shareholder value. Even though the value system bears some resemblance to Porter’s value chain, the latter is perhaps less flexible and less easily tailored to the variety of the modern business.

Essay --

No matter how fast you can finish or read a book, how fast can you read it with a given time? Think about this, each person has a different speed at how fast they can read out loud or speak and how their brain processes it, but how will the rate they read at change once they’re given a short amount, such as one minute to read an excerpt. Most importantly is how accurate will their reading be. The Brain and Its Function The brain is a complex system that houses the controls to your body ranging from your reaction, emotion, speech or language, development, memory, body functions, and much more. It’s created of a jelly like fat and protein weighing in about three pounds. It’s the body’s biggest organ and consists of over one hundred billion nerves that not only put together thoughts and highly coordinated physical actions, but regulate our unconscious body processes, such as digestion and breathing (http://science.nationalgeographic.com). The largest part of the brain is called the cerebrum, which accounts for eighty-five percent or the organ’s weight, the distinctive outer surface of the brain is the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum is split into two halves, or hemispheres, and it is further divided into four regions, or lobes, in each hemisphere (http://science.nationalgeographic.com). The cerebrum frontal lobe, located behind the forehead, is responsible for speech, thought , learning, emotion, and movement; behind the frontal lobes there’s the parietal lobes that processes sensitive information such as temperature, touch, and pain; at the rear of the brain there’s the occipital lobes that deals with your vision, and then there’s the temporal lobes, near the temples, which control your hearing and memory (http://science.nationalgeog... ...’s aphasia there’s the Wernicke’s aphasia is when you ask a person a question and they respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but contains words that have little to do with the questions or, for the matter, with each other. People with this type of aphasia have difficulty naming things, often then responding with words that sound similar, or names of related thing, it’s as if they are having an absolutely hard time with their mental â€Å"dictionaries.† (http://webspace.ship.edu). Language and Speech The way language works, then, is that each person’s brain contains a lexicon of words and the concepts they stand for (a mental dictionary) and a set of rules that combine the words that convey relationships among concepts (a mental grammar) (Pinker 85). Language uses grammar which is a discrete combinational system that has two important consequences

The Skeletal System Essay examples -- Basic Pathology

The skeletal system includes the osseous tissues of the body and the connective tissues that stabilize or interconnect the individual bones. The bone is a dynamic tissue. Throughout the lifespan, bone adjusts to the physiologic and mechanical demands placed on it by the processes of growth and remodeling. Bone serves the organism at multiple levels: As a system, bones permit the organism to locomote effectively and to maintain posture by bearing loads without deformation, by providing rigid attachment sites for muscles and acting as a system of levers to amplify small movements. As an organ, bones protect the viscera and house the hemopoietic tissue (red marrow). As a tissue, bones serve as a reservoir of readily mobilizable calcium, an ion vital for many metabolic processes including cell motility, excitability, secretion, phagocytosis, intermediary metabolism, respiration, and reproduction. Bones (or osseous material) serve a number of diverse purposes in the human anatomy. In addition to providing structure, leverage, protection, and support for the organs of the body, bones also house marrow, which produces blood cells. Within the bones are also stored the calcium deposits which the body may access, via resorption, when needed. Additionally, bones detoxify the system, by removing heavy metals, such as lead and arsenic, as well as other toxins, from the bloodstream. The skeletal system provides structural support for the entire body. Individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissue and organs. Delicate tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements. The ribs protect the heart and lungs, the skull encloses the brain, the vertebrae shield the spinal cord, and the pelvis ... ...& J.W. Heath, Wheater ¡Ã‚ ¦s functional Histology, 4th edition, Churchill-Livingstone, New York, 2000, pp. 175-192. Johnson, Michael D. Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, Benjamin Cummings, San Francisco, 2001. Khosla, S., Kumar, V., Ramzi, S.C., Robbins, S.L. 1992. Basic Pathology, 5th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. Manolagas, Starvros C. 2000. Birth and Death of Bone Cells: Basic Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Oteoporosis, Endocrine Reviews, 21(2): 115-137. Martin, B. 1993. Aging and strength of bone as a structural material, Calcified Tissue International, 53 (suppl.): S34-S40. Martini, Frederic. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1989. Raisz, Lawrence G. 1999. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Bone Remodeling, Clinical Chemistry, 45:8(B): 1353-1358.

Ethics in Asia: a Study of Several Ethical Issues in Japan

Understanding Business Ethics in Asia: A Study of Several Ethical Issues in Japan, Indonesia and Mongolia Anggita Putri, Nasa Lkhagvasuren, Takashi Ushijima Brigham Young University International business ethics has been an issue researched and understood by companies, government entities, NGOs, and other institutions worldwide. Understanding business ethics becomes more important as entities understand the significance of cultural values in different countries.De George (1997) describes that as business is going global and cultural values are becoming more evident, it is â€Å"more urgent for agreement on common values that make world trade and commerce possible without any party feeling or being exploited†. This agreement on common values has been achieved on some scale and level; however, in many parts of the world, cultural values and circumstances usually still hold more weight in the decision process. This paper addresses several ethical values in three representative As ian countries: Japan, Indonesia, and Mongolia.The three countries are located in three different parts of Asia with difference in economy, social, and culture values. Therefore, each country has its own unique way of approaching and overcoming ethical issues. For each of the different issues, we will provide background information and history and then we will discuss and develop the issue. First, the paper will address Nabakari-Kanrishoku (Nominal Manager) which is an ethical issue in the workplace in Japan. Second, the paper will discuss gratification giving in local and national government which is a prevalent ethical issue in Indonesia.Last, the paper will talk about the development of ethical standards in Mongolia. The conclusion of the paper will summarize the importance of understanding cultural aspects while implementing ethical standards in different countries, and discuss a few ethical theories that will help frame the ethical issues discussed. Japan Background Information Since the birth of the idea of Capitalism, a conflict of interests has existed between employers and employees. In general, employers’ genuine best nterest is to maximize their profits; whereas, the employees’ interests are to receive wages out of the least work hours. However, without regulations, laws, or rules, historically, the conflict has tended to favor the employers. Therefore, working long hours has been one major ethical issue in workplaces all over the world, especially in capitalistic countries. Nabakari-Kanrishoku (nominal manager)-hereinafter referred to as NK- is a unique phenomenon in Japanese society which represents the working-long-hours ethical issue in Japan.Labor Standard Act (hereinafter referred to as LSA) prohibits that working hours exceed 40 hours per week unless (1) the agreement exists between the employer and the employee and approved by municipalities (Article 36) or (2) the employer pays overtime rate to the employee (Article 37). Ethica l Issues in Workplace in Japan: Nabakari-Kanrishoku (Nominal Manager) The dilemma exists between employers and employees under recession. Employers have to make sure their business runs appropriately and generates a sufficient amount of profits.In the case of a recession, employers/companies have to cut costs significantly because increase of revenue is rarely expected. In general, the large amount of expenditure is labor costs; therefore, cut labor costs, such as layoffs, increase the workload of each employee. However, the increase of workload often causes overtime work for each employee and the increase of overtime premium adversely affects the cut labor costs (Mizuno, 2012). Therefore, employers/companies have to face the dilemma of how extensive their cut labor costs will be while also dealing with the increase in employee workload and overtime work.Responding to such a dilemma, NK emerged in the Japanese business society as a loophole of LSA when Japan started experiencing rec ession in the 1990s. LSA states that management representatives are not subjected to the work-hour regulation ratified by LSA article 32, which stipulates 40working-hours per week as a legal ceiling of weekly working-hours (Article 41). Therefore, some employers/companies promote and consider managers as management representatives to avoid the weekly working-hours regulation in order to have them overwork without an overtime premium.Those management representatives are often not credited with any authorization or allowance for the position. The media sarcastically began to call these management representatives â€Å"Nabakari-Kanrishoku† (nominal managers). Unethical Consequences of Nabakari-Kanrishoku The major reason why NK is an ethical issue is that employers/companies tend to force NK to overwork. LSA is set up for balancing employer and employee interests to protect employees’ health and human rights. Then, the relationship between employers and employees tends to favor the employers side without LSA regulation because of its power balance.NK is not protected by the LSA weekly working-hour regulation, so they are highly likely to overwork. The research conducted by JILPT (Japan Institute for Labor Policy and Training) indicates that most managers (60. 2 percent of department chief and 53. 4 percent of department head) feel their workload cannot be accomplished within their given working-hours (40 hours per week) so overwork is unavoidable (Ogura, 2009). NK’s overwork often leads to two types of unethical consequences. One is that employers/companies do not pay an adequate amount of wages to employees who are NK and overworked.The other is that overworking NK’s damages their health and causes them to be non-workable. Both types of unethical consequences are exposed by the lawsuit of McDonald Japan in 2008. Mr. Hiroshi Takano, former store manager of the McDonald Kousaka Branch, overworked for 136 hours in a month at maximum and worked 63 days in a row (Yashiro, 2009). Even though he had worked many hours as a store manager, he did not receive a premium and his wages ended up on the same level as his subordinate’s wages, who received overtime premium every month (Yashiro, 2009).After being overworked, he was diagnosed with an asymptomatic cerebral infarction due to overwork and lack of sleep. Under such condition, employees cannot have a healthy, balanced life. The lack of healthy, balanced life then leads to negative impacts on their performance in the workplace; therefore, employers/companies must avoid utilizing NK as their labor cost cut strategy in ethical and business management terms. When working at a Japanese Bar, Murasaki, one employee was obviously an NK.He was expected to work and run the bar even if there were enough employees to operate. He always overworked and rarely took a day off. He ended up quitting his job when he fell sick due to overwork, and the bar experienced a tough situati on after he quit. Murasaki’s unethical management not only damaged one employee, but also its business administration. Indonesia Background Information Similar to any other developing country, corruption is a prevalent ethical issue in Indonesia. Corruption takes many forms and is practiced in all levels of government.Because Indonesia is a country with many islands with over 30 provinces, corruption is more common in some areas than in others. Srinivasan (2012) argued that there are two major categories of ethical issues: societal, that consists of widespread corruption and weak legal enforcement systems, and organizational, that consists â€Å"of creating corporate cultures within organizations that breeds ethical conduct†. Both of these categories have happened in government institutions throughout Indonesia.Some major changes that the Indonesian government has made are: replacing employees, especially government institution managers that are guilty of corruption, c hanging the internal system and procedures of the institution, and encouraging citizens to help institution managers and staff to avoid corruption. One form of corruption that is very common in Indonesia is called gratification. Gratification in Local and National Government in Indonesia After the democratic revolution in 1998, Indonesia faced several presidential changes.When the current president was elected, he formed a national committee of corruption eradication (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi or KPK) to eliminate corruption from all levels of government. Since it was formed, the committee has been able to identify and investigate corruption cases from top managers in the government. In 2010, the committee also did a survey to assess public sector integrity on a local and national level. The committee specifically focused on gratification cases using these indicators: the monetary value of gratification, as well as the time, the meaning , and the purpose of gratification giving.T he committee found that among 50 government institutions on both the national and local level that were surveyed, 24 of them have a lower integrity rate than the appointed standard integrity rate for the survey. Most institutions out of the 24 surveyed were at the local level. The giving of gratification happens when citizens pay extra fees to the institution’s staff other than the established fees to quicken and complete their documentation process or to obtain certain permits so that they don’t have to wait in line or to wait for a few days.The research also found that gratification often happens at the beginning of the documentation process. Gratification frequently occurs when obtaining citizenship cards and building permits. For example, if a certain company wants to obtain a building permit, a representative of the company would give extra money to one of the staffs that process the document to either make sure that building permit is ready within one day or to n ot disqualify the company if it misses some required papers.The committee also discovered that the working environment of institutions has an effect on whether citizens are likely to be involved in gratification giving. The committee argued that uncomfortable service environments and incomplete information cause citizens to be reluctant in processing their documents. This possibly creates external procedures by using a middle-man or giving gratification money to the institution’s staff. Overcoming the IssueDe George (1997) quoted these sentences from the Wall Street Journal: â€Å"In May 1996, the United States proposed that the â€Å"World Trade Organization (WTO) outlaw bribery on government projects. In reply, the Indonesian Trade and Industry Minister Tunky Ariwibowo said: â€Å"We do not have common standards on issues like corruption†¦ Any effort to relate them to trade will be detrimental to the functioning of the WTO in the future' (Wall Street Journal 6 May 1 996: A14)†. As a comment to that reply, an editorial writer from the Wall Street Journal wrote a column entitled â€Å"Is Corruption an Asian Virtue? Corruption is clearly not an Asian virtue. De George continued to say that â€Å"both the Wall Street Journal's question and the statement by the Indonesian Minister exemplify deep misunderstandings and differences between the two, and between the groups they represent†. It is clearly difficult to pinpoint what kind of ethical values should be the same for every country because there are different factors that contribute to the development of the economy and society of a country. In the research done by the national committee of corruption eradication, 56 percent of citizens believes that gratification is not acceptable.However, many of the citizens do not fully understand the meaning of gratification, the ethical consequences of the issue, and are not assertive enough in stopping the practice. Most citizens agree that gr atification is illegal and that it is something which needs to be eliminated in order to create a system that is fair and effective for every citizen. Therefore, trainings and campaigns are needed for both the government institutions and the citizens in order for each group to support the discontinuation of gratification giving. Mongolia Background Information Mongolia is a landlocked country with a population of three million people.Mongolia was under strong Russian and Soviet influence; therefore, Mongolian politics followed the same patterns as the Soviet politics of the time. After the breakdown of communist regimes in Eastern Europe in late 1989, Mongolia saw its own democratic revolution in early 1990, which led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to market economy. The growth of the economy attracted more attention from foreign investors, whose interest in investing in the country has recently skyrocketed due to the discovery of rich minerals in MongoliaEthical dilemmas in the work field did not become a big issue until 1990.It was difficult for a lot of Mongolians to adapt to changes in the work field because people were used to being told what they should do at work. The Development of Ethical Standards in Mongolia As in any other country, gaining a deeper understanding of the Mongolian attitude towards business ethics depends to a large extent on knowledge of the local market condition and historical background. According to IMF, The Mongolian economy is growing rapidly from 9% to 14. 4%. With continuing economic progress and interest growth from foreign investors, business ethics are likely to increase in importance.Because some actions may be considered moral in one culture and viewed unethical in another, it is important to understand the ethical values of other countries. Choi & Zuzaan (2011) in Journal of Applied Ethics conducted a survey that identified the action and behavior of role models as a principal infl uence on unethical behavior in Mongolia. The result of the survey indicated that 45. 6 percent of the respondents said that unethical practices exist in their industry and 25. percent of the respondents wanted to eliminate cheating customers, dishonesty in making or keeping a contract, miscellaneous unfair competitive practices, and dishonest advertising. Giving of gifts, gratuities, and briberies are very common in Mongolian business practice, but 10. 7 percent of the survey respondents want to eliminate this unethical practice. Most international comparison agencies indicate that Mongolian companies make less effort in instilling ethical practices in their employees than in other Asian firms. However, the majority of managers in Mongolia (60. 8 percent) think their companies make an effort to some extent.The survey results show that nearly half of the companies rely on a code of ethics and do not think that companies put enough effort into building ethical values in their organiza tions. If companies can put more effort into building ethical values in their organizations, they will be more successful in implementing their organization’s ethical values and feel more responsible to local communities. It is not uncommon for business managers to experience conflicts between their personal ethical beliefs and the interest of their companies. Almost half of company managers have experienced this type of conflict in their career.More than half of the managers responded that they would act depending on the situation. One of the main reasons managers make unethical decisions is often related to personal financial needs. As the Mongolian economy continues to develop, this is expected to diminish. Looking to the Future How is today’s level of ethical standards in Mongolia compare to ten years ago? Half of the respondent managers said that it has gotten better. For example, before the 1990’s transition period, it was common for Mongolian children to drop out of school in order to help their parents herd privatized livestock.Helping parents with livestock was given greater importance than education because it helped families accumulate wealth. Conversely, 90 percentof the total populations are high school or university graduates today. The transition resulted in making education more important in society and introducing ethics in school. Hopefully this gradual development will lead to a higher business ethic in society in the long run. Because Mongolia is a developing country, the country will continue to struggle with ethical values in the business field.However, Mongolians have already started to practice codes of ethics and training employees in ethics. Old, Mongolian tradition, the remaining tradition of the Soviet period, and the transitional process influences how Mongolians view their personal and business ethics. As the Mongolian economy grows and progresses, an increase in building ethical value will also come along wit h all the other practices. Conclusion Ethical theories, such as utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and social contracts can also play into the decision making process. For example, the bribery case in Indonesia can relate to disclosure decision criteria.Think about if those that have been involved in bribery think twice before doing so and ask a question whether this decision will affect image and reputation if it goes public. They may have avoided giving gratification money and would encourage others not to do so. Take another example, what if the nominal managers use the dignity decision criteria? They may not force their employees to work long hours because it would mean treating the employees as a mean to an end in themselves, not just as a means. As discussed above, three different Asian countries presented different ethical issues.Nominal Manager may be a prevalent ethical issue in Japan but it may not be in Mongolia. Gratification giving is very common in Indonesia bu t it may not be in Japan. De George (1997) argued that each economy is a combination of the country’s political system and cultural values. Consequently, ethical justifications differ from country to country. He further gave an example of Confucian values, which include â€Å"co-operation over competition; community over the individual; paternalism over the market; long-term over shortterm interests; harmony over conflict; and loyalty, harmony and respect over their opposites†.These values could appropriately explain the transition in countries that uphold those values and why some countries, especially in Asia, view some ethical issues differently than other countries References Choi, T. , & Zuzaan, B. (2011). Business Ethics in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Mongolia. Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics 1:89-120. De George, R. T. (1997). Ethics, Corruption, and Doing Business in Asia. The Asia Pacific Journal of Economics & Business 1. 1: 39-52, 114. Direktorat Pe nelitian dan Pengembangan. (2011).Integritas Sektor Publik Indonesia Tahun 2010: Fakta Korupsi Dalam Layanan Publik [Public Sector Integrity of Indonesia Year 2012: Corruption Facts in Public Sector]. Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi [Committee of Corruption Eradication]. Health, Labour, and Welfare Ministry of Japan. (n. d. ). Soumusho Hourei Deta Teikyou Shisutemu [Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry of Japan's Legal Data Providing System]. Retrieved 10 18, 2012, from Internal Affairs and Communications Ministry of Japan: http://law. e-gov. go. jp/htmldata/S22/S22HO049. html Mizuno, Y. (2012, 1 10).Roudou Jikan House no Kadai to Kaikaku no Houkousei [The working-hour legal problems and the direction of the restructure]. RIETI Discussion Paper Series, 1-11. Ogura, K. (2009). Kanrishoku no Roudoujikan to Gyoumuryou no Oosa [The Amount of Managers' working-hours and Workload]. Nihon Roudou Kenkyu Zasshi [Japan Labour Research Journal], 73-87. Srinivasan, Vasanthi. (2011). Busine ss Ethics in South and South East Asia. Journal of Business Ethics: 73-81. Yashiro, A. (2009). Naze Nabakari Kanrishoku ga Umareru no ka? [Why nominal managers emerged? ]. Nihon Roudou Kenkyu Zasshi [Japan Labour Research Journal], 38-41.

Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students

Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students One of our most important tasks has is to introduce their young students to the written language and how to use it creatively and effectively in order to communicate. Whether you teach primary or upper elementary grades, your administrator is counting on you to teach your students to quantifiably improve in writing this school year. Here are a few effective teaching strategies to try out in your classroom implement a few or try them all. 1. Writing Instruction Doesnt Have To Be Intimidating   For You Or The Students Many educators find teaching writing a real challenge. Sure there are all the rules of grammar and punctuation, but outside of those boundaries, there are as many stories to be told as there are people in the world. How do we corral our students enthusiasm and creative minds so that their writing is coherent, engaging, and purposeful? 2. A Strong Beginning Is Crucial Then Move Onto The Basics Start by teaching your students how to write a strong beginning to their stories. With this skill in hand, your students will then be ready to learn about the importance of word choice and avoiding boring, flat, overused words. 3. More Advanced Descriptive Techniques Dont Have To Be Hard To Teach Even the youngest elementary school students will enjoy trying their hand at tongue twisters. And what do tongue twisters have to do with writing? Well, its an easy way to introduce the concept of alliteration. Achoo! Slam! Kaboom! Not only do children love sound effects, but they come to the classroom with a strong familiarity with this subject. Sound effects add power and imagery to writing, and not to mention its easy to teach students how to appropriately use this skill to kick their writing up a notch. 4. Writing Applications You Might Not Have Considered Obviously, writing enters into all aspects of human life, especially nowadays in the age of the Internet and email. Use a pen pal program to teach your students how to effectively communicate with their peers in letter format. Its an invaluable skill and a dying art. Or, try practice letter-writing and compile weekly parent newsletters all in one fell swoop! Thats another time-saver that practices writing skills at the same time. Another important aspect of language arts is oral communication and listening skills. Through this easy and fun impromptu speeches lesson, your students will write a speech, perform it out loud, and practice listening to each other. 5. A Well-Rounded Writing Curriculum Is Within Your Grasp These real life, classroom-tested  writing lessons  are proven, fun, and easy-to-implement. With practice and diligence, you will watch your students writing soar and improve daily. Edited by  Janelle Cox

Free Essays on Stability and Continuity

The Importance of Stability and Continuity Stability is important, because it helps to predict how an individual criminal behavior will be in the future based on what they have done in the past. Studies have shown that those individuals that have criminal records as adults, had behaviors as toddlers or teenagers that demonstrated that there would be problems in the future. The theory is that the past will predict the future based on how frequent these behavior patterns occurred and if those crimes committed decreased or increase in the seriousness of the crime. However, this becomes a tricky situation, because children are capable of change, but their behavior as children does play a major role in the criminal activities that they engage in as teenagers and adults. If a child is born into a family that has a criminal past are likely to have a criminal past themselves. Many believe this to be the case, because the child grows up within an environment of negative influences and as a result, they know nothing different and don’t have positive influences to encourage them to do better. If these issues of aggression that could and probably will lead to criminal behavior, are addressed at an early age, the better the chances of intervention. With the proper treatment and guidance as children, offenders could be law abiding citizens, instead of offenders. This is why stability is so important, since it is stability that will give the information necessary to determine the likelihood of a child of teenager becoming an offender. It would be these warning signs that would be used to determine the type of intervention to be used to prevent criminal activity. Children are vulnerable, because they aren’t able to make sense of what they are doing as being wrong, if they have seen individuals within their family and outside their family conduct criminal activity. Different issues play major parts in behavior especially when dealing with chil... Free Essays on Stability and Continuity Free Essays on Stability and Continuity The Importance of Stability and Continuity Stability is important, because it helps to predict how an individual criminal behavior will be in the future based on what they have done in the past. Studies have shown that those individuals that have criminal records as adults, had behaviors as toddlers or teenagers that demonstrated that there would be problems in the future. The theory is that the past will predict the future based on how frequent these behavior patterns occurred and if those crimes committed decreased or increase in the seriousness of the crime. However, this becomes a tricky situation, because children are capable of change, but their behavior as children does play a major role in the criminal activities that they engage in as teenagers and adults. If a child is born into a family that has a criminal past are likely to have a criminal past themselves. Many believe this to be the case, because the child grows up within an environment of negative influences and as a result, they know nothing different and don’t have positive influences to encourage them to do better. If these issues of aggression that could and probably will lead to criminal behavior, are addressed at an early age, the better the chances of intervention. With the proper treatment and guidance as children, offenders could be law abiding citizens, instead of offenders. This is why stability is so important, since it is stability that will give the information necessary to determine the likelihood of a child of teenager becoming an offender. It would be these warning signs that would be used to determine the type of intervention to be used to prevent criminal activity. Children are vulnerable, because they aren’t able to make sense of what they are doing as being wrong, if they have seen individuals within their family and outside their family conduct criminal activity. Different issues play major parts in behavior especially when dealing with chil...

Ancient Olmec Trade and Economy

Ancient Olmec Trade and Economy The Olmec culture thrived in the humid lowlands of Mexicos Gulf coast during the Early and Middle Formative periods of Mesoamerica, from about 1200–400 BCE. They were great artists and talented engineers who had a complex religion and worldview. Although much information about the Olmecs has been lost to time, archaeologists have succeeded in learning much about their culture from excavations in and around the Olmec homeland. Among the interesting things they have learned is the fact that the Olmec were diligent traders who had many contacts with contemporary Mesoamerican civilizations. Mesoamerican Trade Before the Olmec By 1200 BCE, the people of Mesoamerica- present-day Mexico and Central America- were developing a series of complex societies. Trade with neighboring clans and tribes was common, but these societies did not have long-distance trade routes, a merchant class, or a universally accepted form of currency, so they were limited to a down-the-line sort of trade network. Prized items, such as Guatemalan jadeite or a sharp obsidian knife, might well wind up far from where it was mined or created, but only after it had passed through the hands of several isolated cultures, traded from one to the next. The Dawn of the Olmec One of the accomplishments of Olmec culture was the use of trade to enrich their society. Around 1200 BCE, the great Olmec city of San Lorenzo (its original name is unknown) began creating long-distance trade networks with other parts of Mesoamerica. The Olmec were skilled artisans, whose pottery, stone tools, statues, and figurines proved popular for commerce. The Olmecs, in turn, were interested in many things that were not native to their part of the world. Their merchants traded for many things, including raw stone material such as basalt, obsidian, serpentine and jadeite, commodities such as salt, and animal products such as pelts, bright feathers, and seashells. When San Lorenzo declined after 900 BCE, it was replaced in importance by La Venta, whose merchants used many of the same trade routes followed by their forebears. Olmec Economy The Olmec needed basic goods, such as food and pottery, and luxury items such as jadeite and feathers for making ornaments for rulers or religious rituals. Most common Olmec â€Å"citizens† were involved in food production, tending fields of basic crops such as maize, beans, and squash, or fishing the rivers that flowed through the Olmec homelands. There is no clear evidence that the Olmecs traded for food, as no remains of foodstuffs not native to the region have been found at Olmec sites. The exceptions to this are salt and cacao, which were possibly obtained through trade. There appears to have been a brisk trade in luxury items such as obsidian, serpentine and animal skins, however. The Gulf Coast Olmec blossomed at a time when there were at least four other islands of expanding civilization in Mesoamerica: the Soconusco, the Basin of Mexico, the Copan Valley, and the Valley of Oaxaca. The Olmec trading practices, traced through the movement of goods produced or mined elsewhere, are key to understanding the Early and Middle Formative histories of Mesoamerica. Characteristics of the Olmec trading network include: baby-faced figurines (essentially, portable versions of the Olmec stone heads);distinctive white-rimmed blackware pottery and Calzadas Carved wares;abstract iconography, especially that of the Olmec dragon; andEl Chayal obsidian, a translucent to transparent banded black volcanic stone. Olmec Trading Partners The Mokaya civilization of the Soconusco region (Pacific coast Chiapas state in present-day Mexico) was nearly as advanced as the Olmec. The Mokaya had developed Mesoamericas first known chiefdoms and established the first permanent villages. The Mokaya and Olmec cultures were not too far apart geographically and were not separated by any insurmountable obstacles (such as an extremely high mountain range), so they made natural trade partners. The Mokaya adopted Olmec artistic styles in sculpture and pottery. Olmec ornaments were popular in Mokaya towns. By trading with their Mokaya partners, the Olmec had access to cacao, salt, feathers, crocodile skins, jaguar pelts and desirable stones from Guatemala such as jadeite and serpentine. Olmec commerce extended well into present-day Central America: there is evidence of local societies having contact with the Olmec in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. In Guatemala, the excavated village of El Mezak yielded many Olmec-style pieces, including jadeite axes, pottery with Olmec designs and motifs and figurines with the distinctive ferocious Olmec baby-face. There is even a piece of pottery with an Olmec were-jaguar design. In El Salvador, many Olmec-style knick-knacks have been found and at least one local site erected a man-made pyramid mound similar to Complex C of La Venta. In the Copan valley of Honduras, the first settlers of what would become the great Maya city-state of Copn showed signs of Olmec influence in their pottery. In the basin of Mexico, the Tlatilco culture began to develop about the same time as the Olmec, in the area occupied by Mexico City today. The Olmec and Tlatilco cultures evidently were in contact with one another, most likely through some sort of trade, and the Tlatilco culture adopted many aspects of Olmec art and culture. This may have even included some of the Olmec gods, as images of the Olmec Dragon and Banded-eye God appear on Tlatilco objects. The ancient city of Chalcatzingo, in present-day Morelos of central Mexico, had extensive contact with La Venta-era Olmecs. Located in a hilly region in the Amatzinac River valley, Chalcatzingo may have been considered a sacred place by the Olmec. From about 700–500 BCE, Chalcatzingo was a developing, influential culture with connections with other cultures from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The raised mounds and platforms show Olmec influence, but the most important connection is in the 30 or so carvings that are found on the cliffs that surround the city. These show a distinct Olmec influence in style and content. Importance of Olmec Trade The Olmec were the most advanced civilization of their time, developing an early writing system, advanced stonework and complicated religious concepts before other contemporary societies. For this reason, the Olmec had a great influence on other developing Mesoamerican cultures with which they came into contact. One of the reasons the Olmec were so important and influential- some archaeologists, but not all, consider the Olmec the mother culture of Mesoamerica- was the fact that they had extensive trade contact with other civilizations from the valley of Mexico well into Central America. The significance of the trade is that the Olmec cities of San Lorenzo and La Venta were the epicenter of the trade: in other words, goods such as Guatemalan and Mexican obsidian came into Olmec centers but were not traded directly to other growing centers. While the Olmec declined between 900–400 BCE, its former trading partners dropped the Olmec characteristics and grew more powerful on their own. Olmec contact with other groups, even if they did not all embrace the Olmec culture, gave many disparate and widespread civilizations a common cultural reference and a first taste of what complex societies might offer. Sources Cheetham, David. Cultural Imperatives in Clay: Early Olmec Carved Pottery from San Lorenzo and Cantà ³n Corralito. Ancient Mesoamerica 21.1 (2010): 165–86. Print.Coe, Michael D, and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004.Rosenswig, Robert M. Olmec Globalization: A Mesoamerican Archipelago of Complexity. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization. Ed. Hodos, Tamar: Taylor Francis, 2016. 177–193. Print.

Internet Security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Security - Coursework Example Availability- Ensuring that the resources of the server and the data are up and running whenever needed. It is very crucial to ensure that any system downtime is not attributed to security compromise. For instance, the employees in different cities are able to access the information in the server located at the data canter. Non-repudiation: ensuring that all the computer users are liable for their actions in the organization’s computer or system. For instance, when someone’s user credential is used to login to a computer, that person is answerable for that action. Authentication – strives to verify that the person trying to perform an action is the right one. For example, one has to enter the email and the password to his or her email messages. Access control- strives at ensuring that the only person with exclusive control of computer resources has the authority. For instance, the company CISO should be the only one who has full control of user accounts. (b) Brie fly explain what vulnerabilities and controls are, and how they relate to each other. You may use an example to further illustrate the concepts. Vulnerability in computer or information security is a loop hole or a weakness that can be exploited by an attacker to compromise the security of the computer system. It is a combination of three key features: system flaw, ability of the attacker to access flaw and the attacker’s to capability to exploit the weakness. Security controls are countermeasures or safeguards implemented to prevent, lower or counteract any computer or network security risk. There are three major classes of controls. These are preventive controls, detective controls and corrective controls. A good example of a preventive control is the use of antimalware programs to prevent malware infections on the system. A monitoring system that tracks the system use is an example of a detective control while files and data recovery software used to retrieve lost data is a corrective control. The management of vulnerability is the basis of identifying the right system controls since it involves identification, classification, remedying and mitigating the flaw. (c) Discuss the use of controls. What principles need to be considered to maximise the effectiveness of controls that are in place in a computing system? Security control can be considered effective when applied in the right way. The security controls can be there but when one fails to use them effectively, they become less significant. There are three major classes of controls. These are preventive controls, detective controls and corrective controls. There are three principles that need to be considered to ensure maximum security. These are: The principle of effectives which insist that the security controls are effective they are applied in the right ways. Weakest link principle- there should be no point of weakness in a security control. Principle of easiest attack- the attacker always tri es to identify the weakest point to compromise the security. The weakest points are not necessarily the obvious link. 2. Wireless security requires addressing different aspects when compared with the case of wired networks. (a) Firewalls are a popular mechanism for protecting a network against a variety of threats. Give an overview of the different types of firewalls that exist, and describe their characteristics. According to Gregg (2010), firewalls

Cyber -Attacks on America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cyber -Attacks on America - Essay Example These include voice communication systems, financial institutions and federal agencies among others. Whereas physical attacks would be carried out by hostile foreign nations and terrorists, cyber-attacks could be executed by a wide array of enemies including organized protest groups, terrorists, foreign states and even teenagers. Additionally, Lee (2013) observes the incapacity to protect all computer networks or cell phones or pagers from attack, especially now that 95% of these gadgets are operated and owned by the private sector. Therefore, America is increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks which grow by breadth and complexity, indicating the need for the country to continuously adopt and re-engineer its protection approaches that would uphold its cybersecurity. Cyber-attack refers to an attack originated from a computer system against another computer system or a website, aimed at altering, stealing or erasing information or have the functionality of the targeted computer system impeded or destroyed (Lee, 2013). A report on cybercrime documented recently by Hewlett-Packard indicates that the number of cyber-attacks have risen by 42% as compared to the year 2012 (Lau & Xia, 2013). Organizations get successfully attacked 102 times weekly with the annualized cost as a result of these cyber-attacks rising to $8.9 million per organization. Furthermore, it was indicated that security breaches by an organization could cost it up to 1% of its market value. Citing the examples of recent attacks on HSBC, the New York Stock Exchange and major commercial banks such as Citi Bank and Bank of America, PricewaterhouseCoopers, PWC (2013) appreciates cyber-attacks as a serious problem in America that needs critical intervention. Types of Cyber Attacks Cyber-attacks could occur in different ways. First, it could occur in form of exploits. As explained by Vatis (2002), this form of attack involves a sequence of commands, chunk of data or piece of software which takes advantag e of software bug to cause unanticipated or unintended reaction by the computer hardware, software or any piece of electronic. It normally includes denial of service, allowing privilege escalation or gaining control of the system. Secondly, the attack could take the form of eavesdropping where the attacker surreptitiously listens to private conversation. This could be done through the monitoring of faint electronic magnetic transmissions which get generated by the hardware. Moreover, attackers have penetrated even the most secure computer systems leveraging on the carelessness of authorized individuals or through deliberate deceit of such individuals. Lee (2013) refers to this as social engineering. Denial of service attacks are a unique approach to cyber-attacks. They are not used to control a system or gain unauthorized access, but rather render the system unusable. This could include multiple deliberate entry of a wrong password to lock the user or overloading the capability of a system or network so as to block it. Finally, direct access to a computer system could lead to the installation of devices that could compromise security, including modification of operating systems. It could also include downloading crucial information from the system (Brenner, 2010). Using this knowledge, cyber attackers have adopted varied approaches to executing

The Iraq war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Iraq war - Research Paper Example The cold war was associated with near-series of close bloody engagements between the two1. The two superpowers involved the use of surrogate nations in their conflict, with Russia supporting Vietnam and the US supporting Afghan. Both the two countries lost the wars. Much of the devastation was felt by the global north countries. The Vietnam conflict resulted in 4 million deaths of Vietnamese and 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians deaths and displaced millions. To the contrary only 58,000 soldiers died with 300,000 wounded. The same situation is evident in the afghan with an estimation of almost 1.3 million deaths of Afghans and only 15,000 deaths of soviet soldiers. During soviets invasion of Afghanistan, the US through the CIA and other allied nations helped train guerilla fighters to resists the invasion of Soviet. Amongst the nations include Pakistani, Britain, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and China. The then United States security advisor urged President Carter that the Afghan resistance was to be supported, meaning they were to be funded and given arms. He informed him of the importance of Chinese and Pakistani support for the rebels. Within three days of submission of the memo to President Carter, the president made a public statement through the secretary of state informing the public of suspension bilateral talks with Soviet Union on the use of atomic energy peacefully. The US Moscow embassy was instructed to cut ties with Moscow. In 1985, president Regan praised the mujahideen fighters, referring to them as their brothers.

Youth and Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth and Juvenile Justice - Essay Example The surveys and opinion polls conducted by the government, academic, or private institutions has a great impact over juvenile justice in the sense that the gathered information from public opinions can be use in future planning regarding the necessary improvements on the existing policies and programs related to youth and juvenile justice (Strutin, 2009). Since there are a lot of people who choose to reject the use of purely punitive approach in criminal justice, long prison sentences among the juvenile criminals have been constantly decreasing over time (Hart, 2002). Nowadays, more people agree that punishing the youth is not the best solution in terms of fighting crimes especially among the non-violent offenders. Since juvenile crime prevention through education and youth programs is the best solution to address this type of social problem, more people are supporting the need to provide job and vocational training, family counseling, and increase the number of neighborhood activity centers for the young adults instead of focusing on punishment and enforcement (Hart, The impact of public opinion on juvenile justice and trend over time is great since there is a significant decrease in the number of juveniles held in residential placement in 2006 as compared to the number of juveniles in 1997. (See Table I – Washington State Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement below) The prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency includes: (1) the child as an individual; (2) the child’s group of friends; (3) the child’s family background such as cases of poor child-rearing, divorce, or family violence; (4) the school where the child is studying; (5) child’s neighborhood; and (6) influence of the media (Wasserman, et al., 2003). In relation to the prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency, a child should have a good behavioral foundation at home. Good parenting and guidance will decrease the chance that a

Walmart Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Walmart - Assignment Example Retuned items and goods whose shelf life is about to elapse are sold at lowered prices in bulk as well. In turn, impulse buying by the customer is evident. The wastage of such goods is then relieved from the business. The location of these goods is the he cashier’s stand that the customer accesses every time. The location plays a vital role in effortless accessibility and capturing of the individuals attention. The allocation of coupons for items to the customers after every visit to the retailer promotes moneyless or little money in use when purchasing goods. Consumers collect as many coupons as possible overtime. The coupons purchase bulk items when presented to the cashier. There are instances where the buyer is relieved from using money at all where the coupons available satisfy the number of goods. The other outcome is paying extra for the goods where the items shopped exceed the value of the coupons. On both accounts, a negligible or low price on items purchased respecti vely is evident. The mentioned methods for lowering of prices are a future cost anticipated by the business on transactions based on established goals and forecast (Boyd, 23). Budgeted costs define the cost incurred for discounting and couponing to the business. It is safe to say the management should utilize the method on price lowering. The discounts allow for increased purchasing power on the consumers end. Goods bought are more in comparison to anticipated purchasing by the consumer at a given time. The mechanisms attract more consumers for this reason. The business creates a loyal large customer base. Overtime the business is able to foot the budgeted costs incurred. Increased demand of products is a merit on its own. Wal-Mart is reputable for quality goods. The methods for price reduction promote continuous flow of goods in the business. For this reason, expired or outdated goods evade the business. It is an advantage to the retailer because

Youth and Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth and Juvenile Justice - Essay Example The surveys and opinion polls conducted by the government, academic, or private institutions has a great impact over juvenile justice in the sense that the gathered information from public opinions can be use in future planning regarding the necessary improvements on the existing policies and programs related to youth and juvenile justice (Strutin, 2009). Since there are a lot of people who choose to reject the use of purely punitive approach in criminal justice, long prison sentences among the juvenile criminals have been constantly decreasing over time (Hart, 2002). Nowadays, more people agree that punishing the youth is not the best solution in terms of fighting crimes especially among the non-violent offenders. Since juvenile crime prevention through education and youth programs is the best solution to address this type of social problem, more people are supporting the need to provide job and vocational training, family counseling, and increase the number of neighborhood activity centers for the young adults instead of focusing on punishment and enforcement (Hart, The impact of public opinion on juvenile justice and trend over time is great since there is a significant decrease in the number of juveniles held in residential placement in 2006 as compared to the number of juveniles in 1997. (See Table I – Washington State Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement below) The prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency includes: (1) the child as an individual; (2) the child’s group of friends; (3) the child’s family background such as cases of poor child-rearing, divorce, or family violence; (4) the school where the child is studying; (5) child’s neighborhood; and (6) influence of the media (Wasserman, et al., 2003). In relation to the prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency, a child should have a good behavioral foundation at home. Good parenting and guidance will decrease the chance that a

DQ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ - Assignment Example e process , why is engagement important for successful implementation and lastly how might engagement with management differ from techniques that you might use to engage staff employees. A consultant can engage others in the change process through various ways. A consultant can use a survey by use of questionnaire or conduct a research on the change he wants to bring. He can also use total quality management tool by accessing the current and expected performance. Through the various studies and engaging various stakeholders, you could bring constructive engagement through it (Seneque & Bond, 2012). Engagement is important for successful implementation because the consultant is able to determine the weakest and strongest area on the implementation of change. Understanding this enables those intending to bring the change address the weaknesses and strengths and bring about change successfully (Kettinger, Teng, & Guha, 1997). Engagement with top management and lower management differs as a result of various factors. Usually the needs of the executive and the employees are different. In most cases, the fear of change creates tension among employees because they fear they would be laid off. The top management greatest fear is on how they would continue asserting their powers in the organization (Aladwani, 2001). Seneque, M., & Bond, C. (2012). Working with the complexities of transformational change in a society in transition.European Business Review,  24(5), 425-443.

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay Example for Free

Spanish Piece on Youth Fashion Essay The twentieth century is known as the century of the technological age, the technology is present in the lives of the people who live in this century, devices such as computers, cell phones, digital cameras or terms as the Internet and social networks are very common and great importance in our lives. But the fashion is very important for people of twentieth century, the fashion became associated and changing according to different urban tribes. Membership of these groups is evident in the ideology, music, lifestyle and appearance. The use of certain brands of clothing, the use of certain items or colors, distinctive shape of the hair, makeup identifies the various tribes. Well were going to talk about urban tribes. The Emo, dye their hair red, gold or purple piers, wear their hair very smooth to cover one eye or the entire face. Their clothes leans towards dark colors, preferably black. The shirts are usually of smaller size than normal and varied impressions. The black eyeliner and lip piercings are also characteristic features. The use Floggers locks and long hairstyles with bangs that will cover their half of the face, and women makeup with strong colors. The look is completed with slim fit jeans, low cut shirts and jackets, all brightly colored sneakers, hats, crowns, and large sunglasses. The Darks are young people who dress in black, often wear clothes of aristocratic style of times past. They wear crucifixes, rings and pendants concerning bats, skulls and spiders. Makeup their face to look paler and painted her lips and nails black. The punk is not a recent trend. His hair is shaped like a pointy ridge and dyed in bright colors like red and purple, use a little torn jeans and jackets or leather Jean pointy and shiny accessories called taches. They paint their nails dark colors. The rappers and canis use soccer teams hats. Use shoes, prefer to use the tabs unleashed and out. They wear sweatpants, usually are broad, like t-shirts or sweatshirts. The Otakus like to dress like a character in the cartoons, especially the eastern anime.

Agility and ability of ITC Ltd to adapt to its external environment

Agility and ability of ITC Ltd to adapt to its external environment In this particular analyses of ITC Limited we are going to look upon the the agility and ability of its growth and how it has been sustainable over a longer period of time. ITC limited, is a multi-business portfolio headquartered in Kolkata, India by Yogesh Chander Deveshwar. It is a 100 year old company. It focuses on all round value creation to build a strong corporate governance policies and systems. It expanded its business in the following years: Presently ITC Limited is purely an independent Company In August 24, 1910 it was incorporated by Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited and shared ancestry with Imperial Tobacco. In 1970 it was changed to India Tobacco Company Limited from Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. Later in 1974 it was changed to I.T.C Limited. In 1985, it introduced Surya Tobacco Company in Nepal which was renamed Surya Nepal Private Limited in August 2002. In 1972, ITC entered into Hotels business. ITC premier chain of luxury hotels is known as ITC Welcome group. In 1975, it introduced its hotel business in Chennai named Hotel Sheraton. It has entered into hotel business to have privilege to host the guests across the world .It was first one to introduce brand sustenance in the Hotel Industry. Its restaurants such as Dakshin, DumPukht and Bukhara are known world wide for its auspicious Indian cuisines from the various sectors of the country.One reason why ITC entered into hotels because it was a British company and in Indian society trend of Tobacco was looked down upon at that time. With enhancement of tourist infrastructure in Hotel business it earns high foreign currency which helped company to govern a good brand image and added a valuable amount to Indian Economy. It great infrastructure of Tourism and large scale of direct and indirect employment has added a great value to the nation. It 1979, it introduced its paperboards business named ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards Limited which was on November, 2002 merged with Tribeni Tissues Limited (which was introduced in 1990 and was the major tissue paper supplier). It was the first supplier in packaging, therefore it has high value added position in market. In 1990 it entered with its Agri-business for the export of agri-commodities. Today it is one of the largest exporters industry .Throughout its agricultural areas in India it has developed a network in business model centers of Internet connected Kiosks, known as e-Choupal. In 2000, it Introduced Lifestyle Retailing business under brand name Wills with great International quality of relaxed sports wear for both men and women. In 2002, it expanded its range including Wills Classic Formal Wear and specific segment of mens wear brand, John Players. In 2003, with wills Club-life evening wear. In 2004, government put estoppel on Tobacco advertising which compelled ITC not to associate Wills by the brand name of Cigarettes anymore, to save it from being charged for it advertising. In 2000, it also came with its owned subsidiary business of Information Technology named, ITC Infotech India Limited. It has availability of high man power quality. In August, 2001, ITC entered into Food Industry with packaged and branded food business of ready-to-cook eatables with the brand name Kol with a premium price range. In the beginning it followed the strategy that it will trade at the places where there are less number of competition to built its brand image. Along with the food industry, it has also launched a new brand named, Kitchens of India. In that period there was a great demand for processed food because of increase in disposable income and urbanization resulted in growth opportunities. One of the reason why ITC entered into Food Industry because in 2001-02 the excise duty on budget on processed fruit and vegetables has been brought down from 16% to zero level .Later in june,2002 , to generate more revenues it launched products like staples, snacks and confectionery. In 2002, it introduced its Stationery, Gifting and Greeting products business and launched notebooks under brand name Paperkraft in the same year and futher under brand name Classmate in 2003. Further in between 2007 and 2009 Classmate came up with Childrens books, Geometry Boxes, Slam Books, Pencils and Pens. In 2008 under Paperkraft it also launched eco-friendly business papers which was the Indias 1st eco-friendly premium. In 2009 Paperkraft launched some more products targeting office segment like White Board Markers, Text liners and permanent Ink Markers. With its price strategy and good quality it has established a brand image in the mind of students. Entry to FMCG industry FMCG sector is the fastest growing segment of ITC Limited. It is well established distribution networks in the market. Proctor Gamble, Nestle and Unilever are the best example of ITC largest trading companies. It generates tough competition between the organized and unorganized segments. It targeted to the large market with the lower pricing strategy .It is a single-step buying process with shorter sales cycle. Hence, with quick shelf turnover it generates more profit with less financial investment. In the past decades it has generated a strong growth due to: Employment opportunity to the people at every sector. Urbanization, Altered Lifestyle, Liberalization and increase in disposable incomes. Current plan ITC Limited is popular for its Tobacco brands like India Kings, Insignia, Silk cut, Gold Flake, Capstan, Scissors, Berkeley, Classic, Flake, Navy cut, Flake and Bristol. Today approximately 5 million foreign arrivals visit India compared to 35 million in China. In rural areas it is planning to increase its penetration and farmer services. This year there will be 12% inflation in the food sector of ITC Limited and the cost of raw material will rise by 15-20%, which will adversely affect the FMCG industry. Consumers will purchase comparatively less, then they usually purchase. This will directly hit the growth of the company. LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY ITC has evolved to a multi-business corporate enterprise from a single product company. Through its innovative strategies it synergizes long term shareholder value growth, which is also enhancing the capital of the society. For example E-Choupal through its sustainable agricultural practices has raised the income of rural areas and enhanced the farm productivity. The company believes in integrating larger societal goals in their business sectors, which will ensure societal benefits are more impacted and scalable. Moreover in future it will build stronger foundations for the sustainability of the company. Due to its sustainable business practices which will likely to lend additional source of competitiveness to ITC in society. Also it invested in training of human resources , intensive skilled development and inculcating a spirit of responsible citizenship among the people. This all will support the company to built a corporation for tomorrow. Strength The ITC companies is one of the Indias biggest private sector companies which is rapidly gaining market share into Cigarettes Leaf Tobacco, Hotels, Paperboards Specialty Papers, Information Technology, Packaging, Packaged Foods Confectionery ,Agri-business , Personal Care, Education Stationery, Safety Matches, Lifestyle Retailing and other FMCG ( Fast Moving Consumer Goods ) products like Mint-O fresh, Sunfeast , Kitchen of India , Bingo! and Aashirvaad .In Indian economy it is the fourth largest sector. It is directly serving nearly to 85000 markets and two million retail outlets. It has a tremendous control over the entrepreneurial energies of management which facilitate change in management, prevent misuse of power. Its turnover is about $6 billion and over $22 billion market capitalization and employs over 26,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. For its growth it is developing a world class portfolio. It provides low cost operations and trading over large domest ic market. Not only that ITC limited in its each business sector it nurture top management team and ensure to be internationally competitive. The Master-chef of ITC is often asked to develop new food concept which help to come over the weakness of the company. It has attracted more customers. Moreover, it is also developing internationally competitive agricultural business by empowering the independent small farmer. Weakness ITC, despite of having a brand name in market, it adversely affecting the health of poor class and responsible for the premature death of the people. This is because 47% turnover is generated from Cigarettes Industry. Moreover 80% profit is also received from Cigarettes Industry. To raise its fund in FMCG sectors the company still depended on the revenues come from Imperial Tobacco Industry. Opportunity ITC Limited has spread everywhere, according to the need of the consumers. It is moving into new and emerging sectors like IT (Information Technology) .With its excellent market strategy it has a strong hold in its each market segment. Its research on the taste of the consumers in East, West and North India and then uses the network to create raw materials for the consumers. For example: The result on research of Atta (which is a popular wheat flour), which is now known for various brand name like Aashirvaad in Eastern market, Aashirwaad MP Chakki in Western market and Aashirwaad Select in the Northern market. ITC personal care products, per capita consumption is the lowest in the world which is offering an opportunity for ITCs Shampoos, Soaps and Fragrances under its brand Wills. ITC is aggressively pursuing opportunities in providing IT solutions like business process outsourcing and e-enabled services in its owned subsidiary company named, ITC InfoTech India Limited. In 2003, when it introduced biscuits with Sunfeast in the market, they were following Britannia, but with their excellent strategy they got hold on the market. Though they manufacture those products which were there in the market, but with such flavours which were never heard in past. Threat ITC has also faced many problems in its Tobacco business such as: Government has banned advertising of its products, Increased excise duty rates of cigarettes, Smoking in public places was also banned. This has increased the sales and position of foreign brands in Indian market. Also, it has compelled ITC to introduce with new business plans. When there is a cut- throat competition in the market, and the situation where they find possibility of profit could be made then: Either they reduce the cost of its products, or sometimes it also produces low quality products at low price, in order to make maximum profit out of it. Or they produce new products and services in the market, to maintain the same relation with their consumers. Due to ban on Cigarettes in India by government has adversely affected the manufacturing and sales of company. This has given opportunity to foreign brands to strengthen its roots in India. Pearl group from Israel, which is an international company is likely to open hotels in India. This will leads to tough competition in the Indian market, which will adversely affect the growth of ITC Hotels. In future this will adversely affect the tourism of ITC Hotels. Moreover, Domestic players are increasing their operations with state of the art of the infrastructure which will adversely affect the reputation of the ITC Limited. Therefore, it has to bring new technologies to remain in the market competition. Political Factors affecting ITC Limited ITC through its Experience, Goodwill and Brand Image created a good networking in market which helped it to bargain with government to modify their regulations. Ban on ITC limited cigarettes, FDI in Cigarettes and no smoking at public places has reduced the purchasing of Cigarettes which affected the manufacturing and sales of ITC Cigarettes business. In September 2004, Government of India put a ban on tobacco advertising. This has increased the sales of foreign brands as they were free to advertise their brands in India. It has compelled ITC not to associate Wills by the brand name of Cigarettes anymore, to save it from being charged for it advertising. Smoking in public places cause harm to the environment as well as the smokers and the people around. It influences teenagers to start smoking at an early age. Therefore in October, 2008, Government decided to put a ban on smoking at public places. It has affected the manufacturing and sales of ITC. In February, 2010 Indian government has taken step to ban foreign direct investment in Tobacco, which shattered the plans of BAT (British American Tobaccos), Japan Tobacco and Altria Group. This has closed the doors for Japans Tobacco Industry to make investments in Indian markets. ITC did not react on the matter because it owes 3/4th of the market share and ban on Tobacco ultimately benefited to its Sales. Economical Factor affecting ITC Limited ITC focus on the purchasing power of the consumer and the market condition created by the Competitor in terms of price, therefore it has maintained a great pricing strategy with an economical pricing range of products. This has created a tough competition in the market. The major competitors of ITC in the FMCG sector are Procter Gamble (PG) and HUL. To remain connected with lower and regular income earning people it sells products in small size packaged with the lower price like Minto fresh, Sunfeast Biscuits. ( What more required ) Sales of Cigarette (in Crores) Years Sales 96-97 102.2 97-98 104.2 98-99 102.2 99-00 98.43 00-01 97.8 01-02 87.8 This shows that there was continuous reduction in the sales of Cigarettes, because of the following reasons: Rise in excise duties. Increasing anti-tobacco campaigns Ban on Advertising. Moreover, ITC had a tough competition with many international brands in the overseas markets. To give them a tough competition it generated high quality, value-priced cigarettes. Socio Economical Factor affecting ITC Limited ITC is an earning source for 5 million people. Due to its goodwill in Cigarettes its brand signifies quality in the minds of the consumers. Because of single minded focus on value creation for its customers, it has built a leadership position through significant investment in quality, product design, manufacturing technology, new innovations, marketing and distribution. In this way it has made availability for long-term market standing. Such a strategic focus on customers has paid handsome dividends in return to ITC. Indian food market is Monopolistic Competitive market where there is large number of sellers in the market. Each firm sells Differentiated products which are close substitutes to one another. Major competitors of ITC Food Industry are Haldirams, Gits , Ethnic Kitchens , MTR and Priyafoods. When ITC introduced Bingo! there was only one player to give a tough competition, i.e. Frito Lay. This strategy has helped ITC to establish its business at a faster pace. Moreover, ITC Bingo is more diversified in flavors then Frito lay in Chips, Biscuits and other Ready to Eat Eatables. This has benefited ITC to be more demanding then its competitor and attract more customers at the same time. Technological Factor affecting ITC Limited IT is diversified into many field . It has made a boom in the market with its Technology (specify properly) of Boost production in the market. Recently, in July 2010 it has launched Classmate Mechanical Pencils also known as Classmate Da Vinci in the field of business of Education and Stationery. To bring advancement in the agri-based Industry, ITC has introduced E-Choupal which directly link rural farmers through Internet which ha brought advancement in agricultural and aquaculture products like Wheat, Soybeans, Prawns and Coffee. With the introduction of Computers and Internet access in the country in the areas of agriculture farmers can now easily negotiate with the sales of their production with ITC Limited. This enables them to carry good farming practices and keep themselves update of the change in mandi prices. The Value Chain This value chain ensures business growth through its efficient value chain. It has restructured the current business process which enhanced the efficient manufacturing or supply chain operations and its customer service availability. Also, with its electric procurement system ITC had enjoyed the cost advantages over its competitors. ITC has realized that to remain in the market competition of food industry, it has to keep innovating new products .Hence, it always keep on bringing new flavors in Biscuits, Wafers and other Ready to Eat and Kitchen of India products. Environmental Factor affecting ITC Limited ITC Limited has made a policy that under its control; they will not employ any person below the age of 18 years in any of its industrial operation. The company as a responsible corporate citizen has decided not to play with the future of children and committed to the protection and welfare of the children below 18 years of age. Due to this ITC has made a reputation in the market. It has earned respect from the general public. Moreover, it will generate more educated labour in the company which will help to produce better output. India is a competitive player in FMCG products due to diverse agro-climatic conditions , it has a strong availability of raw material, which gives advantage to industries in the production process. Legal Factor affecting ITC Limited ITC Legal Aspects for International Trade are the services provided by the institutions and legal experts from the several countries. These are managed through Geneva offices of ITC. Its main objective is to access international trade law with better understanding and resolve disputes. In April, 2003 anti-tobacco law was emerged to review control on tobacco in India affected to the sales of the company. Because of the smoke and tobacco law, the company production was affected. To combat this problem, the company started putting more emphasis on the packaging. It emphasized on the statutory warning and directed all the sellers not to sell the product below 18 years. Future Plan FMCG Sector is expected to grow by 60% in 2010. According to the 2008 estimation there was a rise in the income of the rural areas which has boosted the purchasing power of the people at countryside. In 2010-2011 under Sales Tax Act stock transfers are exempted from levy of tax, due to which stock transfer would be subject to tax under GST system at full rate. It will affect the sales turnover for a minimum of 2.5 times of stock transfers any FMCG sector. In all the ITC products due to the per capita consumption, it is likely to change the mind-set of the consumers. Hence, in the coming years there are possibilities consumers will purchase branded products which will automatically increase the growth of ITC. Following are some future strategies: They will hardly make any investments in cigarettes, because in future there are less possibility of its growth, due to bans on it by Government of India. Also they will use other business sector to provide high visibility of ITC. They will make new ventures in agri-business to expand its business, because likely in future there are possibilities that they could earn more profit in agri-business compared to other sectors. The reason is by their E-Choupal technology they are spreading their roots in rural areas. In FMCG sector, they will introduce low fat chips which will attract more customers towards its brand. CONCLUSION Since, ITC Limited was established in 1910, it has adapted the external environment and has proved to be the most profitable company in the India. Still today after its completion of 100 years it has very good brand image in the market.

Henry Fleming and The red Badge of Courage :: Red Badge Courage Essays

Henry Fleming and The red Badge of Courage The main character of this book is Henry Fleming, mostly referred to as The Youth or Youth. The Youth has dark, curly brown hair also; he is a young teenager and is average height when compared to the Tall Soldier. Henry is insecure because he is going through a difficult stage between being a "man" and being a "boy". Henry can't wait to get to war when he signs up but during the book Henry learns that war has a lot of affects on people emotionally and physically. Henry's flaw is that he is afraid of making himself look bad and he is worried that he is going to be a coward and run away from battle. Henry really wants to be a "man" and be courageous. I once heard a swim coach give an extremely good definition of courage. He said "To me courage is not to be unafraid but it is to be afraid but one does it anyways and doesn't worry about being afraid. I think Henry thought of courageous as fearless and that is also part of his flaw. The first time Henry's flaw gets him in trouble is in chapter 10 and when he gets his chance to go into battle he flees. He at first thinks the war is boring but he soon learns that war is very frightening. When Henry flees he also shows insecurity when he tries to make up an excuse for why he wasn't with the rest of the regiment. Henry thinks very poorly of himself at this point and really anyone would run from a war, I don't think he was ready. The second time Henry's flaw is evident is in chapter 12 when Henry tries to stop a man to ask what is going on with the battle since he ran away. The man was also trying to get away and hit Henry on the head with his rifle. This is evidence of his flaw because if he hadn't run away then he wouldn't have to bother this man. Henry is also too afraid to go back without any knowledge of what happened. The first time Henry's flaw improves is when he is mad at himself for running away from the battle and he begins to relate to nature.

Alienation in Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Alienation in Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicts alienation among the younger characters. Trusting no one, Claudius, the new king, and Polonius send out spies to obtain information from others to assure Claudius's rule of Denmark runs smoothly. Claudius killed Old Hamlet for the rule of Denmark and he fears that Hamlet might know of the murder. Both Claudius and Polonius spy on Hamlet to find out if he knows of the murder. Polonius sends his daughter, Ophelia, out to also gain information. Hamlet begins going mad and people claim that the cause is from the death of his father. Truly, though, Hamlet knows of the murder. But Claudius and Polonius are not the only ones, Gertrude, the queen, blames Ophelia for Hamlet's madness. Polonius's lack of trust in Laertes forces him to send Reynoldo to follow Laertes to France and spy on him. Shakespeare presents alienation of Hamlet, Ophelia, and Laertes resulting from a lack of trust from elders and the deception present in the royal family. While Claudius and Polonius spy on Hamlet, Hamlet loses all of his hopes and happiness. The problems began with the Claudius murdering Old Hamlet and taking over the rightful throne of Hamlet. Procrastination prevents Hamlet from avenging Old Hamlet's death and only causes more problems for the entire family in the end. With the kind of problems he possesses, he has no one to turn to for help. Even his friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, are sent to spy on him. Hamlet cannot speak of the murder because of its confidentiality and spies he might not know of. With no one to turn to, the thought of suicide crosses his mind as a solution on several occasions: "I am myself indifferent honest, but yet I could accuse me of such things that it wer... ...ing and spying, Ophelia suffers alienation throughout Hamlet. Polonius' distrust in Laertes results in Polonius' sending Reynoldo to France to spy on Laertes. Reynoldo reports information back to Polonius about Laertes and what he is doing. By stating: "...your bait of falsehood takes this carp of truth... by indirections find directions out. So by my former lecture and advice we shall you my son" (Shakespeare 90), Polonius reveals the lack of trust he has in Laertes. Therefore, by spying, Polonius alienates Laertes. Hamlet, Ophelia, and Laertes all suffer character alienation throughout Shakespeare's play, Hamlet. Claudius and Polonius spy on Hamlet and Laertes to maintain a safe rule of Denmark for Claudius. The queen also blames Ophelia for Hamlet's mental instability. As a result of the alienation of each, Hamlet, Ophelia, and Laertes, meet a tragic end.

Tobacco Smoking Among Teenagers: Issues and Remedies

SAMPLE OF ESSAY CIVIL ENGINEERING (100L) GST 113(philosophy and human existence) Review of the chapter one (1) of olusegun oladipo (thinking about philosophy) Philosophy is not easy to define because it is difficult to identify the subject matter of it, on like biology, political science and so on. Also we cannot say philosophical method, the way we talk of scientific method. But according to the preface of the book, philosophy is an intellectual Endeavour to acquire self knowledge.Three questions comes to mind and best summarize the intellectual Endeavour called philosophy, 1) formulation or construction of world view, 2) critical thinking and, 3) the rational, but non-scientific, quest for understanding. PHILOSOPHY AS WORLD VIEW – These are not arbitrary statement or products of fantasy. Rather they are products of reflection and speculation, which most people take for granted in their everyday lives. According to G. Chatalian, he conceived philosophy â€Å"essentially as t he pursuit of wisdom† and consequently, â€Å"the search for the guide to life. For a genuine philosopher, two things are required in this view, they are; Insight and Commitment to human well-being. Considering the handbook of Epictetus, 1) believing that what you have is yours and what you don’t have is on its own, you will have no enemies, life will go easy. 2) Do not seek life to go your own way instead let it happen as do happen and life will be easy. PHILOSOPHY AS CRITICAL THINKING – This entails that human knowledge is always partial.If this is the case then the best intellectual attitude is that which does not take any believe or assumption for granted, but is ready to examine the grounds for the validation of a belief or opinion that is presented as being true or possible. It is this attitude that the philosophical activities of critical thinking promotes. THE ENTERPRISE OF PHILOSOPHER – According to Dilthey, â€Å"the philosophic spirit† i s both critical and reconstructive. Philosophers use or dominate their expertise by addressing certain questions, typically called philosophical questions.These questions are beyond the scope of specific areas of knowledge. The primary goal of philosopher in addressing these questions is, in the manner of Socrates. Thus, philosophy is a kind of a rational inquiry that begins in doubt and ends in the generation of beliefs. TOOLS OF PHILOSOPHY – LANGUAGE and LOGIC are the two key tools of philosophy. According to A. J. Ayer’s point, language is the means to the achievement of the kind of clarity of thought without which the philosophical enterprise can hardly succeed language matters in philosophy because much of what philosophers do involves conceptual elucidation.Logic also matters in the enterprise because much of philosophy has to do with providing good reasons for our view or positions. Secondly it is important because philosophers are generally concerns with the lo gical assessment of arguments. USE OF PHILOSOPHY – â€Å"Elevation† of mankind. The elevation as used in the context can be defined in terms of; enlightenment, open-mindedness, breading of sensibility and so on.Also, it stimulates people to think about the basic problems of existence as they affect them as individuals and as social collectives. PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE IN THE AFRICAN CONTEXT – philosophy has a very importance role to play in the production, clarification and propagation of the ideas and values guiding the thought and life of people. Also it promotes the kind of self understanding that would provide some basic for determining the kind of social-cultural that will enable Africans with the challenges of contemporary life.

Lynching: Southern United States and Male Roles Essay

Lynching in the South was a violent intimidation tactic used towards African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Lynching played a huge part during the Civil Rights Movement. Lynching had a negative effect on both blacks and whites; the justice system didn’t take lynching serious; Many African Americans were exploited for everyone to witness. Lynching in the South had a negative effect on both African Americans and whites during the Civil Rights Movement. A lot of black men became jobless, convicted, or killed which led to many black women playing the male roles to keep their families stable. The Ku Klux Klan and mobs plans were to prevent African Americans from getting an education, job, voting, and owning their own property, so as a result they terrorized them every day. Thousands of African Americans were lynched by white mobs. Some middle class whites sought out to put an end to lynching because it had gone too far. African Americans were psychologically scarred from witnessing other African Americans being lynched. The justice system abandoned their oversight of constitutional protections toward African Americans. Lynching could exist because the law enforcement would not prevent it. The government allowed lynching to carryon for years. Federal legislators tried to get bills passed to make lynching a federal crime but it failed. The government played a little role in protecting the safety of individuals. As a result The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People made anti-lynching campaigns; even after all the failed attempts the NAACP still was active to put an end to lynching.

E-marketing in the library of Birmingham Report Essay

E-marketing in the library of Birmingham Report - Essay Example E marketing, the use of digital technologies on the internet to achieve marketing objectives such as customer relationships, understanding market needs and satisfying consumers through value formation, is the rule of the day, and not the exception. The internet platform offers a massive potential for marketers to market their products and services to global populations in the most efficient and effective way, therefore, reducing business costs incurred in direct traditional advertising option. This paper presents a report on the E marketing in the Library of Birmingham, using the SOSTAC e-marketing analysis model, with an aim of establishing the library of Birmingham’s online marketing current situation, objectives of the online marketing strategies, online marketing strategies, online marketing tactics, online marketing actions, and the control metrics. In addition to that, this report will evaluate the effectiveness of online marketing strategies of the library, goals of onl ine marketing, and recommendations for the future strategic direction of the library. E marketing offers great opportunities for the library of Birmingham, which if explored to the maximum have an incredible capacity of enhancing the library experience and increasing attendance accordingly. For instance, e-marketing increases the library’s visibility to the general population in Birmingham thus creating awareness of the library and its services to the prospective service consumers. Besides creating awareness, e-marketing strategies create value for the library and its services by highlighting its major attracting features such as online catalogues, online search services, and exciting web contents, among others. Exciting content displays, and organization offers the readers enhanced ways of finding books in the library and evaluating particular resources in the library through reviews through an interactive online channel. Overall, e marketing is a crucial strategic managemen t decision for the library of Birmingham because it will fit the library in the modern library situation that has changed drastically due to technological advancements (Von and Jung, 2003). E marketing has the potential of enhancing not only service delivery, but also creating value for the library in terms of increased library visitation, increased market access and enhanced returns on investment. Introduction E-marketing has emerged to be one of the fast growing revolutionary concepts in the business world today (Chaffey et al, 2008), with many global businesses and corporations, in response to the pressures of a fast changing global environment, seeking to provide value that meets customer expectations (Palmer, Cockton and Cooper, 2007). E-marketing is the use of digital technologies of the internet to achieve marketing objectives, to establish close, good and everlasting relationships with customers, understand their needs, satisfy these needs both effectively and efficiently, a nd to keep them happy while online (Chaffey, n.d). The main purpose of marketing is to communicate information, and to increase awareness of products and services to the prospective customers in the market (Housden and Thomas, 2002). The crucial role of e-marketing in today’s business world cannot be underrated, especially given the statistics that UK E-Commerce sales reached 121 billion pounds in 2010, while according to eMA, UK B2C E-Commerce reached 4.2 billion pounds by the end of 2012, and are further expected to rise to total value of ?221 billion by 2016. Overall, the internet has gained massive recognition as a dominant business platform (Linh and Tung, 2008), and literally transformed the expression ‘

Brazil and production of superstars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brazil and production of superstars - Essay Example Many of these players including Ronaldoinho displayed their passion for soccer by playing on the streets of Brazil. Because of rough conditions and cramped places, they had to find different ways to improvise and in the process learned some of the best maneuvers. In the game of soccer as in any other sport, playing in restricted space means you need to improve your game by setting various targets. This is the only way one can develop his skills with limited resources. all Brazilians players display this kind of skill. You look at them and you know they have such close control of the ball. But there are some external factors as well. Soccer is the national sport of Brazil and thus young Brazilians take up soccer very early. Their concentration on promotion of soccer is almost natural since high percentage of youth goes for soccer than any other sport. Apart from that weather also plays an important role. Unlike Europeans, who may find weather a problem now and then, Brazilians can practice throughout the year because of their ideal climate and this gives them more chances to develop their skills. Brazil may be a poor country but it runs its sports business in highly professional manner. In early 1900s, soccer was an amateur game but it turned professional when passion for the game grew. Many clubs emerged that later formed their leagues.