Gray vs. Grey

Dark versus Dark Dark versus Dark Dark versus Dark By Maeve Maddox A peruser inquires, Would you please clarify the variety in spelling of the word dark versus dark? Short answer: dim is standard American spelling and dim is British spelling for a similar shading. The spellings have ricocheted to and fro. The Old English stem was spelled grç £g. As per the OED, †The variety between spellings in ei, ey, and so on., and in ai, ay, and so on., in later Middle English outcomes from the general Middle English merger of the ei and ai diphthongs.† Examples of spellings that advanced from the merger are earth, dim, dark, and whey. In Dr. Johnson’s 1755 word reference, the section for the descriptor is spelled dark: â€Å"white with a blend of black.† A note in the OED portrays a casual request made in 1893 that discovered contrasts among the utilization of British distributers: the printers of The Times expressed that they generally utilized the structure dark; Messrs. Spottiswoode and Messrs. Clowes consistently utilized dim; other prominent printing firms had no fixed standard. Numerous journalists said that they utilized the two structures with a distinction of significance or application: the differentiation most by and large perceived being that dark signifies a more fragile or a lighter color than dim. Others believed the distinction to be that dark is a ‘warmer’ shading, or that it has a blend of red or brown.’ Different endeavors have been made at various occasions to set up various hues for dark and dim. Here’s one from 1867: G. W. Samson Elem. Workmanship Crit. v. I. 483. Professional, if not crude English use has made a differentiation among dark and dim. The spelling dark may with respectability be utilized to assign admixtures in which basic highly contrasting are utilized. The structure dark may demonstrate those admixtures which have a similar general tint, yet into which blue and its mixes pretty much marginally enter. People may lean toward one spelling to the next, however the standard is, American spelling dim; British spelling dim. Note: The dim in greyhound has nothing to do with the animal’s shading. The OED discloses to us that this dim is â€Å"apparently a first component related with Old Icelandic dark, â€Å"bitch.† The Old Icelandic word for a female canine is greyhundr. In English the word came to mean a specific sort of canine: A type of quick running, sharp located canine having a long slim body and head and long legs, since quite a while ago utilized in chasing and flowing, and now utilized in dashing; a pooch of this variety. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Proved versus ProvenThe 7 Types of Possessive Case

New Trends in Global Business Environment

Question: Expound on the New Trends in Global Business Environment. Answer: Synopsis of the Article: The article has featured the way that expert help firms can procure higher benefits, increase serious edge and increment client devotion when all the accomplices team up with the point of serving customers. The article inspects coordinated effort among profoundly amazing, independent and expert friends towards authoritative development point of view. Thus, the article has attempted to inspect the advantages of collaboration among the top administration for satisfying all the business goals. The article has outlined authoritative exhibitions from the individual point of view to show that joint effort is fundamentally viewed as increasingly unpredictable and expensive contrasted with singular administration of issue. Truth be told, it has been surveyed that cooperation isn't as much remunerating contrasted with singular administration viewpoint. Consequently, the article has concentrated on gathering broad quantitative information from meeting and overview process. The article has gathered information from three expert help firm out of which one is among top 100 worldwide law offices. It has likewise gathered information from an enormous US based business warning firm and boutique official pursuit firm. The article has additionally gathered data from around 2000 accomplice level experts working in various division. The article has distinguished that experts work together with peers who have the self-rule to choose work freely and by and large, authority and force are not intends to define a group and make it progressively powerful. The article has referenced that joint effort to people is similarly quantifiable if less natural. Discoveries of the article have indicated that experts decipher the relative advantages and expenses of joint effort. In greater part of the cases, senior experts won't surrender or won't endeavor earlier coordinated efforts can receive huge rewards. Accordingly, the article has featured the way that transient expense of joint effort confines chance to encounter long haul benefits for the association. The article has utilized longitudinal point of view to determine the created Catch 22 identified with proficient joint effort. The discoveries of the article have concentrated on beginning hypothesis of instrumental joint effort with five testable speculations for proposing future heading to the business elements. Hence, the article has given a guide to the accomplices and their associations that are hoping to encouraging the sort of coordinated effort that pays off. Four Key Questions From the Article: Four distinguished key inquiries are given as follows: What are of effect accomplice coordinated effort on the general business exhibitions of the associations? What will be the normal expense for encouraging associations to create community oriented business condition in present moment? What is the hugeness of gracefully chain cooperation for making long haul organization? What are the drawn out jobs of accomplice coordinated effort to upgrade execution level of the association? Writing Review on Selected Four Key Questions: First Article: In this specific article, Inter-fleeting examples of RD coordinated effort and inventive execution, by Belderbos et al. (2015), accomplice joint effort in RD segment can permit associations to start inventive systems for satisfying all the business necessities in a suitable way. Truth be told, the article has featured that coordinated effort is the most ideal approach to deal with present powerful business challenges, which will upgrade the presentation level of the business in a viable manner. According to the article by Wiengarten et al. (2013), the board joint effort upgrades the presentation development of the representatives also. By working together the whole business process, the association gets a gigantic quality of the board that empowers the directors to take proper right choice. Moreover, because of the colossal quality of the board the concerned business directors get the extension to control each individual worker towards successful assistance process. Naturally, the presentation level of the business representatives turns out to be high. The article has featured that innovative work segment is one of the most noteworthy parts for each business association. Hughes and Kitson (2012) remarked that after the joint effort of RD divisions the business specialists get the extension to direct more top to bottom investigation about the present market and representative needs and requests. In this manner, on one hand, associations get multitudinous data in regards to the present needs and requests of the clients. Then again, RD segment by upgrading their worker quality gives additional time and work to distinguish the business issues. Thus, the whole procedure of business turns out to be a lot of precise that empowers to catch the clients eye. Second Article: In the article Teamwork on the fly distributed by Edmondson (2012), the writer has expressed that cooperation is exceptionally essential to render the business achievement and to put the brand in global market. So as to improve the whole procedure of business organization is profoundly required. At first a specific business association needs to contribute enormous measure of cost for joint effort. The authoritative assets, HR, monetary assets, mechanical assets must be contributed for making a viable coordinated effort. Thus, the business specialists need to confront endless difficulties if the motivation behind coordinated effort becomes disappointment. Ansari, Munir and Gregg (2012) expressed that cooperation isn't without a portion of the negative impacts too. While working together a business the quality of representatives consequently increments. Workers of two business associations are acclimated with independent societies and qualities. Subsequently, while giving a collaboration the business representatives need to confront incalculable challenges so as to lead the whole work effectively. Likewise while taking a successful administrative choice, the teamed up the board needs to confront a few difficulties to take suitable choice in regards to meeting the business target. In this way, collaboration is having a portion of its negative impacts towards business process too. Dupas and Robinson (2013) expressed that in the wake of assessing the perspective of the past researcher, it very well may be reasoned that collaboration is had with various hazard factors. Simultaneously, it is obvious that if the supervisors and the representatives become effective to be acclimated with the way of life of new business condition the association doesn't need to confront challenges so as to get positive outcome. The article has delineated on how cooperation renders the business accomplishment by keeping up joint effort with one anothe r. In the article, the writer has underscored the significance of coordinated effort among the chiefs too. Chen, Chiang and Story (2012) opined that before taking a business choice, the troughs should take a compelling synergistic choice so as to catch the eye of clients. Third Article: The article Collaboration: How pioneers maintain a strategic distance from the snares, manufacture shared belief, and procure large outcomes distributed by Hansen (2013), has depicted on how pioneers need to assume a significant job for making a business coordinated effort fruitful. While confronting another condition business pioneers need to confront multitudinous challenges subsequent to meeting the representatives of various social mentalities. Then again, representatives face difficulties in making a successful connection with the pioneers. In this sort of circumstance, a significant correspondence hole emerges in the middle of the representatives and the pioneers. After coordinated effort, the business chiefs need to confront representatives of various social mentalities. So as to monitor the business condition the pioneers will in general utilize imperious style of administration. This specific type of initiative style empowers the workers to adhere to the guidance of pioneers with no further inquiries. Duflo (2012) expressed that imperious style of initiative is had with both positive and negative impact. This specific administration style doesn't rouse the workers at whatever point they are forced in another condition. In this way, in a cooperative business the authoritative pioneers should utilize participative type of administration style. This specific type of initiative style helped the business workers massively to share their own perspective. Thus, while performing for the association the representatives plan to demonstrate their energetic mentalities to arrive at the business objective. Along these lines, Sakarya et al. (2012) expressed that participative type of initiative is consistently appropriate for community business process. In this particular article, the writer has recommended that so as to keep away from any sort of trap the business chiefs by settling on an aggregate choice ought to permit the pioneers for keeping up a warm authority style for spurring each individual representative towards the correct way. The writer in this particular article has featured the significance of popularity based type of administration style to keep up a solid correspondence with the colleagues. After the joint effort, the business specialists plan to frame a group so that the workers of both the associations can partake. Subsequently, the representatives would have the option to conquer any sort of mental obstruction, correspondence hindrance or social boundary at the work environment. Something else, the workers might want to keep up a separation between one another. This sort of separation can majorly affect rendering business achievement. Rodrguez and Nieto (2012) remarked that the clients would get denied of accepting great administrations from the representatives. Accordingly, the whole musical progression of business would be influenced profoundly. Fourth Article: In the article Supply chain joint effort: A writing audit and experimental examination to research vulnerability and collabo

Paragraph free essay sample

Computerized Bangladesh Digital Bangladesh is an awesome vision that is imagined by the administration and the educated class for the innovative advancement of Bangladesh. Digitalization has become a trendy expression in the new period of data innovation. We would now be able to learn in a moment what's going on in the furthest corner of the world. The electronic exchange of data through the web has made an interconnected universe of data. Bangladesh will watch computerized year in 2011 to stamp the Journey to advanced Bangladesh. The legislature has taken up an activity for setting up Union Information Centers (UIC) in 1000 associations in accordance with the fantasy to assemble Digital Bangladesh by 2021. This program is an invite advancement towards arriving at data innovation offices to the doorsteps of rustic individuals. The town individuals will handily get data about horticulture, wellbeing, instruction, showcasing and work from the UlCs. The administration has likewise moved to define new laws enabling a power to set up six howdy tech parks with the point of setting up oreign interest in the data innovation division. We will compose a custom exposition test on Passage or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Supreme Court (SC) will be digitalized soon. All cases identified with data of the SC will be accessible in its site. Dhaka Metropolitan Police is additionally going to introduce a howdy tech observing framework in the focal control space to reach the on the job police anyplace inside the metropolitan zone. Digitalization will to a great extent change banking and money related exercises. Overall cash move and exchange of usiness have now gotten a matter of tapping the mouse of a PC. A few items like programming and TV programs are additionally agreeable to computerized transmission. We will have the option to purchase and sell products through the electronic screen in the event that we can make a Digital Bangladesh. Without a doubt, empowering improvement towards digitalization of Bangladesh by 2021 can be conceivable. The yearning dream for a Digital Bangladesh will stay a fantasy if the administration can not outfit the individuals with the innovation required for setting up the advanced time.

American Domestic Policy - 2200 Words

American Domestic Policy (Research Paper Sample) Content: American Domestic Policy Name: Institution: American Domestic Policy Illegal Immigration Illegal immigration in the United States has become one the topics of greatest concern to the American public in recent years. This has resulted into examination of the costs and benefits of illegal immigration on unskilled works as well as the ultimate impact on the U.S economy in a number of studies. The costs include the effects of the effects of illegal immigration on unskilled workers, the property damage caused by the immigrants sneaking into the United States, the expenditure on the health care for immigrants at emergency clinics and hospitals, which are legally bound not to deny care to anyone or inquire whether someone is a legal resident, expenditures on public education for the children of the immigrants who attend public schools and burglaries and other crimes committed by illegal immigrants (Levy, 2010). Americans affected by the benefits want immigrants to h ave a way to take a job, whereas those most affected by the costs propose that immigrants should be kept out of the country at whatever cost. The views on dealing with illegal immigration in United States range from using the military to guard the borders and the construction of a fence along the borders to amnesty for illegal aliens already in the United States. The US governments has taken several steps to curb the problem of illegal immigration including Operation Wetback as the one of the first response to what was perceived as an alarming level of illegal Mexican immigrants as well as enactment of several legislation as such as the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) (Boyes & Melvin, 2010). The purpose of IRCA was to decrease the number of illegal immigrants by limiting their flow and the legalization the status of the illegal aliens. However, application of the domestic policy has been affected by the experience with international terrorist attacks being associated wit h immigration and illegal immigration flows into the country. This paper will explore illegal immigration as one of the most contested issues in the American politics and recommendation of ways to deal with the issue. Factors Leading to Illegal Immigration Being Viewed as a Major Problem in America The skyrocketing number of illegal immigrants in United States has triggered great concern among the American citizens over the last few years. As of 2010, about 11.2 million illegal immigrants were living in the United States and despite this being a reduction the populations in previous, the high number has raised great concerns to the Americans owing to the impact such numbers have on the state well-being (Passel & Cohn, 2011). The increased number of illegal immigrants has been associated with significant negative impacts including job pressure especially in unskilled labor, increased expenditures on health care for immigrants at hospitals and emergency clinics, pressure on publ ic amenities, increased expenditure in the public schools, property damage cause by the immigrants and increased insecurity in the country. The problem of illegal immigrants has been exacerbated by the increased terrorist threats which have been strongly linked with the issue of illegal immigration into United States. Although migration between Mexico and the United States goes back to the nineteenth century and has ebbed and flowed for more than a century, U.S. citizens and politicians have been entirely comfortable with immigrants in general or Mexicans in particular. There are and always have been people who view illegal immigrants as a thread to the United States, who blame them directly for economic ills as well as presenting a danger to American modern society. Large companies might benefit from cheap, immigrant labor, because of the low wages paid to the immigrants. However, the low wages contribute to driving the general wages offered to the Americans. The issues of job lo ss associated with immigrants particularly for unskilled labor has contributed immensely to the heated debate against immigrants among the Americans. The competition with illegal immigrants who are ready to work for less money makes Americans unable to compete effectively for the available job opportunities in the American job market. The public has become more united against the issue of illegal immigrants with majority favoring increasing penalties on employers who hire illegal immigrants as well as increasing number of border patrol agents. According to Polyanichko (2010), about two-thirds of Americans support the idea of denying social services to the unauthorized and propose that illegal immigrants should not be eligible for social services provided by the state and local governments. One of the main arguments leveled against illegal immigrants is that they receive government benefits and don’t pay taxes with education and unpaid healthcare being among the highest cost s attributed to problem of illegal immigrants. As result of the increased illegal immigration, the amount of uncompensated care has continued to grow as more and more unauthorized immigrants seek for health services. In addition, increased crime has been associated with increase in the number of illegal immigrants, a factor that undermines the security of Americans as well as costing the government huge budgetary costs at both federal and local government levels in attempts to curb insecurity in the country. The burden of illegal immigrants has become worse with the laws that require children born in America be recognized as American citizens thus increasing the burden as the government is obliged to cater for such children. Some of the Attempts Made to Arrest the Increase in Illegal Immigrants and Their Failures In a move to control illegal immigrants in United States, the government introduced employer sanctions prohibiting employers from hiring illegal immigrants. Through this strategy, employers have been expected to verify employees before hiring them to ensure that illegal immigrants do not gain access to employment. However, employer sanction strategy has turnout to be ineffective due to lack of reliable mechanisms for verifying employment eligibility, lack of political will due to some of the benefits accrued from illegal immigrants such as labor, and lack of enough funding towards interior immigration enforcement (Boyes & Melvin, 2010). The governments have also enacted various reforms in its domestic policy on illegal immigration including the Immigration and Control Act (IRCA) whose main purpose was ostensibly to attack the problem of illegal immigration and reign control over the borders. Among the solutions offered through this reform included a generous amnesty to illegal aliens and creation of a Special Agricultural Workers program (Polyanichko, 2010). However, these strategies emerged to be a flop by further contributing to the influx of i mmigrant workers into the U.S. labor market. In this case, IRCA was seen as an attempt to reconcile the rising political clamor for border control with continuing demand for cheap immigrant labor rather controlling the increasing of illegal immigrants in the country. Some of these immigration measures have resulted into increased gap between the goals and outcomes of U.S. immigration policy. According to Cornelius, Martin and Hollifield (1994), the greatest challenge in the U.S. immigration policy has been the failure to recognize the key problem facing its implementation as the lack of recognition of illegal immigrants as the main problem. Another failure in attempts to control illegal immigration emerges from the lack of consensus on policy options, which consequently results into general lack of concern or benign neglect. United States still perceives itself as a nation of immigrants, a tradition that obstructs efforts to restrict or control any type of immigration. Another key factor undermining efforts by the U.S. government to control illegal immigration revolves around the lack of understanding of the root cause of illegal immigration. Some the root causes of the increased illegal immigration include, poor verification mechanisms applied by employers, inadequate channels to ensure legal economic immigration, changes in the global economy particularly globalization and finally inefficiency in the border patrols. The government has in the past introduced border patrols to ensure that all people entering and leaving the American territory are well vetted through presentation of proper document as provided by the U.S. laws. However, limited political will in supporting implementation of such policies thereby rendering such strategies ineffective. The government has failed to provide adequate resources to ensure effective and efficient verification at the borders of the country as well as in job places and other areas such as health care institutions (Fi x, 2004). Some of the factors exasperating the illegal migration that must be put into consideration in any attempt to curb the problem include demand-pull factors, migration networks, and supply-push pressures. The strength of these forces lying behind illegal immigration, coupled with the political, legal, and institutional constraints facing the domestic policy on immigration, have all contributed to what most observers view to sanctions’ modest and declining impact on immigrant flow to date. Controlling illegal immigration to the United States emerges to be more difficult logistically than controlling illegal entry to Europe, owing to the access afforded by the country’s lengthy land borders. Efforts to control illegal immigration in U.S. are further undermined by the nation’s long dependence on illegal foreign labor, its comparatively short history of immigration controls, and the social commitment to civil liberties and anti-discrimination norms. Recommen dations to Avert the Problem One of the strategies that can deal...

Incarceration Of The United States - 1113 Words

The United States of America has more people incarcerated than any other country on earth, a whopping 2,220,300 adults are currently locked behind bars. We have 500,000 more citizens locked up than China, a country 5 times our population run by an authoritarian government. From 1990 - 2000 the prison population increased by 1,000,000. The main reason for incarceration as a punishment in this country is rehabilitation, or so we have been told. In recent years an industry has developed that revolves around high incarceration rates and lengthy sentences, needless to say business is booming. The for-profit prison industry now makes millions off the backs of American inmates their families and every American taxpayer. The two largest†¦show more content†¦For-profit prisons benefit from the strict enforcement of laws and lengthy sentences. These corporations are not interested in rehabilitating inmates they are more concerned with keeping their beds full and making a buck off inma tes and their families. Anything else could be bad for business. This outlook runs counter to what should be a rehabilitative mission of the nation’s criminal justice system. Instead, private prison contracts often require the government to keep the correctional facilities and immigration detention centers full, forcing communities to continuously funnel people into the prison system, even if actual crime rates are falling. Nearly two-thirds of private prison contracts mandate that state and local governments maintain a certain occupancy rate – usually 90 percent – or require taxpayers to pay for empty beds. With all the money these corporations bring in much is spent to influence politics with hefty campaign contributions and corporate lobbying in Washington. All of this is business to them, helping individuals that will push their agenda get into high places politically is just the tip of the iceberg. 28 states now have something called the three strikes or habitual offender laws These laws make it possible to send anyone to prison for life on their third felony charge regardless of the circumstances. They need to make sure convictions rates stay sky high to keep the commodities coming. CCA inmates had time

History of Ballet Essay - 1083 Words

The History of Ballet The first experience of watching a ballet, for me or any little girl, can be fascinating and exhilarating. Wondering how a dancer can be so steady on her toes as she spins in circles and leaps through the air. Watching a ballet, there is a feeling of wanting to be graceful, as well as the warm sensation felt by a little girl as she slips into dream land. My mom had taken me to my first ballet when I was 11 years old. When we returned home home, she signed me up for classes at the local dance center. The expectations to become a prima ballerina would involve much hard work and concentration. I knew when I started it would take years of steady practice and commitment. Learning the history of ballet and the famous†¦show more content†¦The repertoire includes such classics as Tchaikovsky‘s quot;Eugene Oneginquot; and quot;Swan Lakequot; and works by Mozart, Verdi and Rossini. Other popular productions are Massenet‘s ballet quot;Manonquot; and the operas quot;Don Juan quot; by Mozart, quot;War and Peacequot; by Prokofiev and Wagner‘s quot;Das Rheingoldquot;. The latest productions are Tchaikovsky‘s quot;The Nutcrackerquot; Puccini‘s quot;La Bohemequot; and Verdi‘s quot;Macbethquot;. The most famous Russian ballet companies are; Tatchkine, St. Petersburg, Bolshoi companies just to name a few of the most famous. The history of ballet dates back to the 18th century starting with Baroque dance. Fabritio Caroso da Sermoneta was a famous Italian Renaissance dancing master. He was born around 1526-1535 and died around 1605-1620. His dance manual quot;Ballarinoquot; was published in 1581, with a subsequent edition, significantly different, Nobiltà   de dame, printed in 1600 and again after his death in 1630. In the 19th century there was the pre-romantic, romantic and the classical ballets. Anthony Tudor deserves an honorable mention for his choreography and teaching. Pre-romantic ballet occurred sometime circa up to 1831. The romantic period covered the early to mid 1800s. This era also introduced the calf-length dress. A few of the great Romantic dancers were Marie Taglioni, Fanny Elssler and Carlotta Grisi. The tequnique became more developed, but the roleShow MoreRelatedHistory of Ballet Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesBallet is one of the most beautiful, graceful dances known to the dancing world. From the tutu to the pointe shoes the need to see the expression of the steps given. Being able to see how the illusion of a flying princess is one of the most mysteries that come with a ballet show. The history of Ballet has evolved into one of the most well-known type of dances in the world this is from only the men having roles in the ballet to women being able to express emotion. History Then: Ballet started inRead MoreLHistoire de La Danse Classique/History of Ballet2227 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Ballet Ballet is a formalized form of dance with its origins in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries. It quickly spread to the French court of Catherine de Medici where it was developed even further. In the 17th century at the time of Louis XIV, ballet was codified. The predominance of French in the vocabulary of ballet reflects this history. It also became a form closely associated with the opera. Ballet then spread from the heart of Europe to other nationsRead MoreThe Russian Dance And Ballet1655 Words   |  7 Pages The history of Russian dance and ballet is extraordinarily complex. The Russians have always enjoyed dance; they were dancing for entertainment and ritual before they were even introduced to Christianity. However, the start of their most culturally significant form of dance, ballet, did not start until 1675 in a small town near Moscow (The Great History 11). Since its humble beginnings, ballet’s evolution in Russia has exploded. Most notably , its growth can be seen through two world famous theaters:Read MoreThe Identity Of Capoeira And Ballet Dance1097 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay sets out to show how the identity of capoeira and ballet dance has been encompassed within multiple different countries. The historical themes of globalisation and adaptation will prove to deepen ones understanding into the history of ballet and capoeira dance. Through the classification of Ballet and Capoeira dance the cultural traditions of the dance styles will be projected. Haskell explains the significance of the word ‘classical’, â€Å"it implies a set of rules that are rigid, that haveRead MoreThe Birth And Evolution Of Ballet1691 Words   |  7 PagesCavazzi Dance 64 - History of Dance 22 Aug 2014 The Evolution of Ballet The birth and evolution of ballet is indeed a fascinating study. Since its early origins in fifteenth century Italian court, ballet has undergone a succession of changes and been influenced by gifted artists and choreographers alike, whose unique styles and innovative techniques left their indelible mark on the classic art form. Beginning with the Renaissance and continuing through the Romantic Era, ballet evolved as each politicalRead MoreThe Baroque Of Baroque Dance962 Words   |  4 Pagesevolution of ballet. There are many influences that are part of the process, such as the why baroque was created and the purpose that baroque dancing served in cultural context. There was an important shift in history that engaged people to want to move and it is an important subject to be studied. Baroque dance was quite different from the social dancing we experience today. There are different layers to baroque dance and different contributors that created a historical permanence in the ballet genre weRead MoreThe Opening Of The Imperial Ballet School1500 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the Romantic-era ballet had died out in Paris and Russia became the new focus. In 1738, the opening of the Imperial Ballet School in St. Petersburg attracted many great dancers and choreographers such as Marie Taglioni. This school was controlled by an aristocrat named Czar. The most well known 19th century choreographer, Marius Petipa, became the ballet master of the entire school, shaping imperial and classical ballet. Ideas such as increased focus on technique, formulaic choreographyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Chinese Classical Dance and European Classical Ballet.932 Words   |  4 Pagesdance and European Classical ballet. Introduction: The main topic of my research paper is comparing and contrasting the difference between Chinese Classical dance and European Classical ballet. The questions I will develop in the paper included as follows. The first one is the difference of movement between Chinese classical dance and European Classical ballet. The second one is the difference of performance between Chinese classical dance and European Classical ballet. The third one is the differenceRead MoreThe History of Dance in Canada Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesis the grace, artistry, and classicality and precision that distinguishes ballet from other dance styles. People have danced for many different reasons such a religious, entertainment, tribal rituals, exercise or to simply to express something that cannot find voice in words. For as long as people inhabited Canada, there has been dance and it has subsequently played a role throughout Canadian history. In Canada dance history began with indigenous dance of First Nations Peoples, but with the arrivalRead MoreWhat Is The Significance Of The Swan Lake Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesTchaikovsky’s masterpiece in Swan Lake is easily one of the most famous ballets created but was it always that way? In fact, when first performed Swan Lake was unsuccessful and called â€Å"uninspiring and unoriginal† (Thought.co). This came as a shock to me; how could such a highly regarded classical masterpiece today be called uninspired? The ballet has come very far in its lifetime. It was originally mocked and now it has influenced ballet, music, and literature. It is difficult to understand how Swan

Communication - Language and Literacy for Childhood -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCommunication, Language and Literacy for Early Childhood. Answer: Introduction Young children are more like learning sponges and early child education deals around honing and molding a child, eventually shaping their fruitful future. Several researchers have been debating over the past regarding the literacy development of the children by including critical literacy in their developmental programs. Many of them even argued on the types of educational programs which are eligible for simple education and care. However, the major concern of the present days educational system should ensure that the teaching must be of high quality (Ahmad Esa, 2017). This acts as a major investment for the childs lifelong journey. The essay examines what critical literacy actually means and throws light on the controversy or debate about the inclusion of popular culture in early childhood education. It highlights the theoretical perspectives as well as approaches of critical literacys inclusion in the play based education and its impact on the childrens development. Moreover, the essay presents several critical arguments for and against the inclusion of critical literacy, made by authors and also its implications for diverse learners. In addition to this, it also discusses how critical literacy can be integrated in order to facilitate optimal language learning through the play based approaches. Discussion Children are given early education for improving their knowledge and skills at the younger age. Early childhood education contributes a lot to the overall growth and development of younger childrens personality. It has been observed that children learn the most at their young age. They try to adopt new behavior, experiences or words, which come their way. Educators and parents need to have a clear idea of how their children are developing, socializing and also how they are behaving with the elder ones. Moreover, the educators must research on the specific beneficiary factors like early educational programs, for the overall development of the kids (Baquedano Lpez, Alexander Hernandez, 2013). However, various researchers have claimed that including critical literatures in a play based approach helps the children to learn important things at the earliest stage. On the contrary, some said that including those may affect the childrens development, which in turn, will impact their learning procedure. This is a never ending debate and raised a controversy in many parts of the world. Engaging kids and making them learn through play based approach, has been a very common factor practiced my many pre schools (Bredekamp, 2016). This segment of the essay discusses about various factors, which surrounds the topic of critical literacys inclusion. Inclusion of Critical Literacy (For or Against) Critical literacy has its roots deeply embedded into the soil of critical theory. The term critical literacy mainly emphasizes on the belief that there is a measurable part of asymmetrical power relations and injustice in the society, and moreover, the situation is highly indefensible. It places literacy and language as central in the continuation and creation of the power relations. Critical literacy mainly recognizes the meanings that children create within the social context. This also includes the stereotypical understanding and knowledge. According to Baquedano Lpez, Alexander Hernandez (2013), in present educational settings, educators have been emphasizing on critical literacys inclusion into the Australian school curriculum. This is having a flow on influence over the early education curriculum as well as the practices there. Brooks Gunn, Berlin Fuligni (2013) examined that there are some kinds of critical literacy practices which can be included into the early childhood education. Young children need to be encouraged and motivated to consider themselves and engross into the texts of popular media, fairy tales and others. Bruce (2012) suggests that traditional fairy tales like Cinderella invites children into conversations regarding gender roles, which represents how females and males are positioned within the society. Critical literacy also gives an overview of the stereotypical society and gender roles, which are included in the childrens book. Educators emphasize by teaching them good values through implementation of critical literatures for their overall development. On the contrary, Calderon (2012) argued that inclusion of critical literacy into the childrens book questions simple education and brings in critical thoughts into their minds. Even at times, educators re-construct the phrases and rhymes given in the childrens textbooks. This in turn, invites deconstruction of the meanings, marring the education approach and perspectives, involving problems, which can even impact the young childrens minds. Moreover, critical literatures can affect the childrens minds in a negative manner. Campbell et al. (2012) mentioned that at times, children even interpret the in-depth meanings in their own way. Educators and teachers need to research on their teaching ways, in order to check that the children are learning the right thing. Moreover, teachers should support the children to explore various societal roles as well as characters that are represented in the texts. Duhn (2012) suggests that the children must be allowed to ask questions and clear their doubts, in order to learn the correct thing. In addition to this, they must be encouraged to negotiate or question on the basis of their assumptions regarding the textbook characters. According to Egan (2012), introducing the critical literacy experiences which vary from the norms can however, challenge the childrens current expectations or understandings regarding those texts. He further mentioned that for toddlers and infants, inclusion of the practices related to critical literacy can place a child into direct conflict with his/her gender expectations or parents beliefs. Implications over Diverse Learners In the recent years, schools have been emphasizing on the inclusion of critical literacy into the school curriculum. All the children are embedded into their social world and are continually exposed to significant influence over the multiple texts and world views. However, the messages which are constructed within the texts might not necessarily reflect the childrens experiences or the way they are seeing the world. The case is mainly common for the children belonging to the minority groups. Essa (2012) suggests that from infancy, kids are actually immersed into the texts of popular culture. Their understandings regarding good versus evil, gender, social power and others are highly affected by these texts of critical literatures. According to Gordon Browne (2013), educators view critical literacy as a specific way of engaging as well as understanding the culturally relevant pedagogy in the English classrooms. The culturally relevant pedagogy refers to the understanding of how the individuals are expected to learn about different cultures. However, educators need to gain knowledge regarding the cultures that are represented within the classrooms and then they must translate those into instructional practices. John Sons (2014) examined three particular principles of relevant teachings regarding culture. Firstly, the children must be given chance to experience academic success as well as intellectual growth. This can be done by helping them engage into activities which require them to solve and pose high order problems. Secondly, the kids must be given trainings regarding the development of cultural competencies as a mode of learning. They should view their cultures and identities as strengths. Thirdly, the kids must be motivated to develop critical and socio political consciousness, which allows them to critique the cultural institutions, values and norms that maintain and produce social inequities. The principles of the culturally relevant pedagogy are considered to be a bit complicated within the classrooms, where the educators cannot implement diversified ideas and struggle while incorporating those into the classrooms. Leu et al. (2014) gave several examples regarding incorporation of critical literacy for raising social consciousness among the children. He suggested that the young children should be given various opportunities of constructing and exploring knowledge. Teachers and educators who engage themselves into critical literacy create various opportunities and experiences for the students. They assist the children in actively constructing knowledge that is a problem posing methodology. However, Mallalieu, Palan Laczniak (2015) suggested that the classrooms are spaces, where the kids are allowed to interrogate regarding social conditions, via dialogues about several issues similar to their own lives. Moreover, he examined that knowledge emerges through invention or re-invention, through impatient, restless, continuing and hopeful inquiry, the human beings pursue all across the world. In addition to this statement, he said that for the kids to experience great academic success, the learning must have relevance with their experiences and lives. Integration of Critical Literacy for facilitating optimal language learning The inclusion or integration of the critical literacy in order to facilitate optimal language learning is certainly feasible, when it comes to developing critical responses of social changes. However, there are a variety of ways by which this element of critical learning can be easily incorporated or integrated within the early childhood practices. For facilitating optimal language learning, young children should be actively involved in various forms of civil actions. This can be done by negotiating the changes within the early childhood settings. Another way of introducing critical language learning is by encouraging the children to challenge on the ideologies that are presented within their textbooks (John Sons 2014). This can prove to be a transformative action plan, which will place the children in the situation of actively asking questions regarding their own lives as well as others. However, the vision of societal change is regarded as a fundamental factor of critical literacy, which raises some reasonable viewpoints and ethical considerations, while working with the younger children. In simpler terms, it is immensely important to take into consideration the positions which young children hold within the society. Children and toddlers are too much dependent on their families, not just for physical support but also for the sense of identity as well as security. Duhn (2012) explained that younger children are too much vulnerable to the power which every adult possesses and this factor can affect their self identity, intentions, actions, behavior, beliefs and understandings. Conclusion To conclude, along with critical literacy, educators are also emphasizing on the incorporation of socio cultural theory in the early childhood educational setting. However, this developmental approach has resulted into childrens learning regarding diversified culture, family, values, stereotypical thoughts which persists in the society and so on. The critical literacy requires the educators as well as teachers to gain an in-depth understanding regarding the validity and existence of diversity within the society. There has been an increasing importance over socially constructed and authentic learning among the children. The report focuses on the incorporation of critical learning within the early childhood education and its impact on the younger children. A closer examination reveals that majority of the educational centers have been emphasizing upon the importance of critical learning in early educational system. Moreover, many scholars and researchers have argued that critical learning has contributed a lot into the development of the childrens awareness regarding inequality and diversity. However, some scholars have given their opinion against critical learning. They felt that critical learning may hamper the kids learning procedure and it will mar the educational system. Therefore, this is a never ending debate; however, the thing that only matters is how the educators are incorporating it. References Ahmad, N. F., Esa, A. (2017). Early childhood education.Psychology, 47787-47789. Baquedano Lpez, P., Alexander, R. A., Hernandez, S. J. (2013). Equity issues in parental and community involvement in schools: What teacher educators need to know.Review of Research in Education,37(1), 149-182. Bredekamp, S. (2016).Effective practices in early childhood education: Building a foundation. Boston: Pearson. Brooks Gunn, J., Berlin, L. J., Fuligni, A. S. (2013). Early childhood intervention programs: What about the family?. Bruce, T. (2012).Early childhood education. Hachette UK. Calderon, R. (2012). Parental involvement in deaf children's education programs as a predictor of child's language, early reading, and social-emotional development.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education,5(2), 140-155. Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., Burchinal, M., Kainz, K., Pan, Y., Wasik, B. H., ... Ramey, C. T. (2012). Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up.Developmental psychology,48(4), 1033. Duhn, I. (2012). Making placefor ecological sustainability in early childhood education.Environmental Education Research,18(1), 19-29. Egan, K. (2012).Primary understanding: Education in early childhood(Vol. 27). Routledge. Essa, E. L. (2012).Introduction to early childhood education. Cengage Learning. Gordon, A. M., Browne, K. W. (2013).Beginnings beyond: Foundations in early childhood education. Cengage learning. John, W., Sons, (2014). Reproduction and Communication for educational purposes. In 2014, National Library of Australia, (pp. 97-125) Leu, D. J., Kinzer, C. K., Coiro, J. L., Cammack, D. W. (2014).Toward a theory of new literacies emerging from the internet and other information and communication technologies Mallalieu, L., Palan, K. M., Laczniak, R. N. (2015). Understanding children's knowledge and beliefs about advertising: A global issue that spans generations. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 27(1), 5364.

White Teeth Novel by Zadie Smith

White teeth address the aspect of human psyche through the encounters of unassimilated immigrants in a humorous manner. The novel addresses some aspects of genetic engineering that relates to interaction between various cultures, which results to diversity, health as well as strength. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on White Teeth Novel by Zadie Smith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in London, prejudice is manifest and has ruined all this, making assimilation almost impossible since the immigrant’s histories keeps on haunting them. However, this hybridization seems vital for human since genetic variation enhances survival, but like genetic engineering, it could be manipulated to meet selfish needs (Smith 283). The role of the flashback at the end of the novel further depicts humor and the immigrants’ dilemma in the new social setup. The British cultures are contrasted in a satirical way. Arc hie Jones is a man forty seven years of age, who contemplate on the mentorship he continues to have from Samad. The two were together in the army and are immigrants to Britain following the Second World War. Archie becomes aware that in fact, he has entirely relied on Samad for decision making in his entire life. This is when he realizes the identity of a former scientist named Dr. Marc-Pierre Perret, a Nazi physician since the Second World War. Archie and Samad were in the army, being against one enemy. Samad was not aware that Archie did not shoot the German doctor as seen from the flashback. The doctor is now the leading scientist of the mouse project as Marcus. Archie observe that Millat is gazing at him, and instead sees the aged scientist shedding bloody tears. Millat could have shot the scientist to end the human pride once and for all but he instead shoots Archie’s thigh. Samad now realizes that Dr. Perret is instead, Dr.Sick and becomes aware that the foundation o f their friendship with Archie is not real. From the flashback to WWII, Archie guides Dr. Perret in the dark to shoot him although he is nervous and dislikes the act. As a result, Dr. Perret utilizes the chance to he drift Archie’s attention to the moral predicament he is in, on whether to remain loyal to his nation as well as Samad or to respect the person’s right to life irrespective of his conduct which might change. Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Archie realizes the coin he has in his pocket and tosses it to determine the fate of the doctor where the head would symbolize his murder while the tail his survival. As he place the gun down to flip the coin over his shoulder and on bending to get it, he is shot by Dr. Perret on his thigh. He reaches for his gun as he criticizes Dr. Perret’s actions, which he terms as unnecessary since the coin was alrea dy a tail. Following the flashback, Archie is shot by Millat as he falls and damages the mouse’s cage to release the mouse (Smith 289). The flashback helps to emphasize on the idea of heredity. During the conference the attendants are supposed to pay recognition to a scientist who could control the destiny of the mouse. This helps us to understand that immigrants are out of control of their own destiny or identity. Coincidence is brought up in the flashback as individual’s actions as well as emotions are emphasized while in the conference room. Dr. Perret changes drastically from being a Nazi conspirator to a kind pioneer. This offers optimism that even the immigrants, like the mouse, will once overcome their suppressors. The doomed subject can change their destiny through self realization and re-invention. Similar to a mouse, the socially depraved Dr. Perret could change his fate by becoming benevolent. Likewise, indecisive Archie could become impetuous by revealin g freedom at the right time, as he liberates the mouse out of the cage and becomes a hero. The flashback depicts the immigrants who keeps on being haunted by their past. This explains their current actions and experiences in pursuit of ethnic identity following colonization. Archie’s dilemma on whether to kill Dr. Perret is conflict on whether to become assimilated, preserve the culture or whether to underscore the value of human relationship due to ethnic differences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on White Teeth Novel by Zadie Smith specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work Cited Smith, Zadie. White teeth: a novel. New York: Random House Inc., 2000. Print. This essay on White Teeth Novel by Zadie Smith was written and submitted by user Ronan Allison to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

44 Landlocked Countries That Dont Touch an Ocean

44 Landlocked Countries That Don't Touch an Ocean Approximately one-fifth of the worlds countries are landlocked, meaning they have no access to the oceans. There are 44 landlocked countries that do not have direct access to an ocean or ocean-accessible sea (such as the Mediterranean Sea). Why Is Being Landlocked an Issue? While a country such as Switzerland has thrived despite its lack of access to the worlds oceans, being landlocked has many disadvantages. Some landlocked countries rank among the poorest in the world. Some of the issues of being landlocked include: Lack of access to fishing and oceanic food sourcesHigh transportation and transit costs because of a lack of access to ports and world shipping operationsGeopolitical vulnerabilities from dependence on neighboring countries for access to world markets and natural resourcesMilitary limitations because of the lack of naval options What Continents Have No Landlocked-Countries? North America has no landlocked countries, and Australia is rather obviously not landlocked. Within the United States, over half of the 50 states are landlocked with no direct access to the worlds oceans. Many states, however, do have water access to the oceans via the Hudson Bay, Chesapeake Bay, or Mississippi River. Landlocked Countries in South America South America has just two landlocked countries: Bolivia and Paraguay. Landlocked Countries in Europe Europe has 14 landlocked countries: Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Vatican City. Landlocked Countries in Africa Africa has 16 landlocked countries: Botswana, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, South Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Lesotho is unusual in that it is landlocked by just one country (South Africa). Landlocked Countries in Asia Asia has 12 landlocked countries: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Laos, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Note that several of the countries in western Asia border the landlocked Caspian Sea, a feature that does open some transit and trade opportunities. Disputed Regions that Are Landlocked Four regions that are not fully recognized as independent countries are landlocked: Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. What Are the Two Doubly-Landlocked Countries? There are two, special, landlocked countries that are known as doubly-landlocked countries, completely surrounded by other landlocked countries. The two doubly-landlocked countries are Uzbekistan (surrounded by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan) and Liechtenstein (surrounded by Austria and Switzerland). What Is the Largest Landlocked Country? Kazakhstan is the worlds ninth largest country but is the worlds largest landlocked country. Its 1.03 million square miles (2.67 million km2) and is bordered by Russia, China, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and the landlocked Caspian Sea. What Are the Most Recently Added Landlocked Countries? The most recent addition to the list of landlocked countries is South Sudan which gained independence in 2011. Serbia is also a recent addition to the list of landlocked countries. The country formerly had access to the Adriatic Sea, but when Montenegro became an independent country in 2006, Serbia lost its ocean access. Edited by Allen Grove.

Nutritional Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutritional Advice - Essay Example BMI cannot be used for people with a high percentage of muscle mass. This implies that in order to stay healthy, the athlete can increase his or her weight above the normal BMI range provided that the mass that is gained come mostly from muscle gain instead of fat. Given all these, it can be easily deduced that the principle behind the athlete's nutrition program would be to prevent muscle wasting from intensive cardiovascular physical activity by providing energy sources that would spare the muscles, the body's protein from being utilized for energy; and to provide just enough energy for the body to build muscles without gaining much fat. Such is not as easy as it sounds. In order to be successful in gaining muscles, all the three energy sources must be critically controlled: Carbohydrate intake must be controlled only to the extent that all can be utilized for energy and not converted to fat; protein intake must only be limited to the needs of the body to prevent fat synthesis as well as body system complications that might arise (e.g. kidney failure); fat intake must be limited only to the needs of the body but not so much as to affect its other functions such as the synthesis of other body components (e.g. cholesterol and hormones) and the solution of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E and K (Whitney, Cataldo, et. al. 92-196).

Compare and contrast the basic principles of dilution and local Essay

Compare and contrast the basic principles of dilution and local exhaust ventilation. Discuss at least five items for each and the elemtns for each system - Essay Example These contaminants may pass through an air cleaner before emission into the environment. Both of the systems require make up air so as to replace that which is exhausted, failure to which would lead to a decline in the room pressures. Both systems employ fans, which create a pressure difference allowing the flow of air along with its constituents, such as contaminants, into the exhaust system (Nims, 1999). Several differences exist between the two systems. To begin with, the local exhaust ventilation is characterized by the presence of a hood (inlet). The dilution ventilation lacks a hood. The hood is placed next to the source of emission; therefore, enabling the removal of virtually all sorts of contaminants by the local exhaust ventilation. In this respect, the local exhaust ventilation is best suited and perhaps the only choice for extremely flammable and highly toxic air borne contaminants. Only small amounts of air are exhausted by the local exhaust ventilation compared to the dilution ventilation. This means that dilution ventilation will require greater amounts of cooled or heated make up air than the local exhaust ventilation (Nims, 1999). The basic local exhaust of ventilation is comprised of the hood, ducts, cleaner, fan and exhaust stacks (Nims, 1999). The hood is placed near the source of emission of the contaminants. The ducts carry the contaminant in the local exhaust system. They should have minimal resistance for efficiency. Smooth and round ducts are ideal, and the flow rates in them should not be excessive as this will creates abrasion and noise. Air cleaners eliminate the contaminants before exhausting the air. State or federal regulations dictate the type of air cleaner to be employed. Fans are regarded to as the workhorses in the exhaust ventilation system. They provide pressure differences to suction the contaminants throughout the system and into the outdoor environment. The

‘The Bloody Chamber, the characters and elements of gothic Essay Example for Free

‘The Bloody Chamber, the characters and elements of gothic Essay The genre of gothic literature contains both elements of horror and romance, with an innocent female, a powerful male (usually the quintessential villain), as well as themes to do with the supernatural as key features included in the novel. In this chapter, elements of the gothic begin in the very title of the book: the ‘bloody’ in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ associates the idea of death and gore, a more horrific element of the gothic genre; the ‘Chamber’ itself now sounds more claustrophobic and similar to a torture chamber, due to the link to blood. However, blood can be interpreted in different ways throughout the extract, even in a romantic way in this example: ‘the wedding dress†¦wrapped up in†¦red ribbon’. Juxtaposing the red of the ribbon with the white of the dress (which symbolises innocence) could represent the staining of virgin blood on a pure dress, or scarring of one’s purity with blood, to represent taking somebody’s identity with them – the person who took her virginity is the one she’ll belong to for the rest of her life. Not only is there a presence of a pure and desirable female (‘the wedding dress he’d bought me’ – hinting at the fact he wants her and he shall buy her this wedding dress and her mother a dress so as to encourage her to marry him), who is dominated by a male (he bought her the dress, instead of letting her choose the design†¦a controlling character), but the fact there is a transition from everyday life to something bigger is also a major element of the gothic genre. Transition at the very beginning of the novel is also illustrated in another gothic novel Dracula (when Harker is travelling to Transsylvania to Count Dracula’s castle). The female character is travelling from her home, ‘the narrow bedroom (she) had left behind forever’ into ‘the unguessable country of marriage’. This brings forward a sense of excitement and uncertainty as to whether marriage will live up to her expectations or worsen her intentions of getting away from poverty – whether it will make her happier. The narrator of the chapter, clearly a female, seems to have a mixture of characteristics, making it difficult to read her true personality. From the beginning of the chapter, she seems a rather passionate but at the same time innocent figure: ‘my burning cheeks pressed against the impeccable linen of the pillow†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The burning of her cheeks suggests a fast flow of blood, blood now being represented in a different way – for passion and excitement. The impeccable pillow brings forward an image of a white crispy pillow, untouched beforehand, just like a virgin. The two opposites placed together, one on top of the other, juxtaposes passion and innocence which could be interpreted in several ways: both the groom and bride juxtaposed together to form opposites, or the narrator’s character, confusing the audience on purpose. This point makes the narrator unreliable, as we do not particularly understand her real character at this point in the book. And I remember’ – the fact she is using her memory as a point of narration, instead of the present day actions makes her even more unreliable as we cannot trust what she may and may not remember. A journal or another character could have made her story more reliable otherwise. An unreliable narrator is a huge element of gothic literature, and the fact that the female character is the unreliable narrator so far, breaks the boundaries of gothic literature (as only male v illains were described as such before). However the male character in the chapter remains unreliable to the reader. He seems mysterious, and not described in major detail – the only details collated by the reader are the fact he is fairly rich (bought her the wedding dress, as well as a luxurious dress for her mother), rather controlling over his future bride ( the girl abandoned her items in her room – perhaps because he wouldn’t let her bring her possessions with her). The lack of description set by the narrator only leaves the reader to guess to his personality, but it also shows that the girl isn’t particularly excited by her groom, perhaps preferring not to mention or think about him as it may discomfort her. Her mother seems like a matured character, one who developed from the girl who sacrificed her rich background and family for love, but after losing him, fought her way for her and her daughters’ survival. Having seen this change in her, her daughter must have looked up to her – which is where her sensible side comes from (‘I know I want to marry him’ – having to marry the man). This woman doesn’t seem to fit in any context in gothic, apart from when the groom gives her identity in the gothic genre; by gifting her a black dress, which to me symbolises decay and the overlooked, he is showing the girl the person she will one day turn into, therefore degrading the females in that family into white and black, differentiating their characters but also showing the link between them – what the black once was, and what the white shall one day turn into. The male characters described in the chapter – the father and the groom – both seem honourable, either due to civil service or the amount of money they are worth, and are most certainly recognised for it. This is shown by the fathers’ medals of honour and the groom’s availability in having a ‘treasure wife’ or a woman of his choice, who marries him for his money’s worth. Without his money, he wouldn’t particularly have his bride. However, although the women in the chapter do seem honourable in their own way, such as the mother surviving the hardships of poor life without a husband and the daughter making a courageous decision in marrying someone she isn’t in love with for economic purpose (and both trying to overcome a loved man’s death in hard times) – they are not entirely recognised for it. Instead, the young lady could be passed off as rather naive, due to the ecstasy (or exaggeration) of her descriptions, and the woman as having no purpose other than mourn her husband’s death and her daughter’s departure. There is already a difference in the male-female importance and stereotype ratio, making the author already (either purposefully or accidentally) sexist in their work†¦this being another key element of gothic literature. However this could also be counter argued by stating that neither of the characters on the page are named, therefore are still all equals. In conclusion, the opening chapter introduces the characters to a good level of understanding for the audience and throws essential elements of gothic literature (exaggeration, juxtaposing, and sexism, symbolism) to set the mood.

Invention of the Phonograph Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

Invention of the Phonograph The idea of the phonograph came from the man who invented the light bulb. Thomas Alva Edison is one of the greatest inventors of all time decided to create this invention. In 1877, Edison was working on a machine that would decipher telegraphic messages to paper tape. He used a diaphragm with an embossing point. This would be held onto a moving paraffin paper. Thus when spoken into it, the vibrations made indentations on it. Edison decided to change the idea by using a tin foil wrapped metal cylinder instead of the paper. The final cylinder phonograph had 2 diaphragm and needle units. One would be for recording date and the other would be for playing it. For the machine to work, one would have to speak into a mouthpiece and the sound vibrations would be imprinted on the cylinder. Then the recording needle would create some sort of groove pattern on the cylinder. The data can then played by back by the data from the created grooves. From this invention Edison started the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company in 1878. Edison had received $10,000 for the sales and manufacturing rights plus 20% of the profits from this company. The machine had a variety of uses including dictation, creating listening books, a sort of a â€Å"family record† which had precious recorded memories of the family like last words, teaching elocution, adn other uses as well The cylinder phonograph proved to be successful, but the problem with the machine was that the tin foil only allowed a few uses. With the help of another great inventor, new advances could be made to improve this invention. The inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell, had set up a laboratory for his cousin, Chichester Bell and Charles Tainter. Bell a... ...ndex.asp?s=1&mode=long. 7. â€Å"The History of the Edison Cylinder Phonograph.† American Memory: Historical Collects for National Digital Library 13 Mar. 2003. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/edcyldr.html. 8. â€Å"The History of the Edison Disc Phonograph.† American Memory: Historical Collects for National Digital Library 13 Mar. 2003. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/eddschst.html. 9. â€Å"The History of Turntablism.† Ilikemusic.com. 21 Mar. 2003. http://www.ilikemusic.com/index.asp?fdLocation=%2Farticle%2Easp%3FfdSectionid%3D2%26fdSubsectionid%3D11%26fdArticleId%3D128. 10. â€Å"The Rave Page.† Angelfire.com 13 Mar. 2003. http://www.angelfire.com/ar2/raves/. 11. â€Å"Turntables and CD players.† Turnt(L)able.com 13 Mar. 2003. http://www.turntablelab.com/index1.html. 12. â€Å"Turntable History.† Enjoy the Music.com 13 Mar. 2003. http://www.turntablelab.com/index1.html.

Media Influence Essay

The Mass Media is a unique feature of modern society; its development has accompanied an increase in the magnitude and complexity of societal actions and engagements, rapid social change, technological innovation, rising personal income and standard of life and the decline of some traditional forms of control and authority. There is an association between the development of mass media and social change, although the degree and direction of this association is still debated upon even after years of study into media influence. Many of the consequences, either detrimental or beneficial, which have been attributed to the mass media, are almost undoubtedly due to other tendencies within society. Few sociologists would refute the importance of the mass media, and mass communications as a whole, as being a major factor in the construction and circulation of social understanding and social imagery in modern societies. Therefore it is argued that the mass media is used as â€Å"an instrument†, both more powerful and more flexible than anything in previous existence, for influencing people into certain modes of belief and understanding within society. The question of medias influence on society and its cultural framework has often been debated upon from leading theorists to anyone with any form of media connections, but to contemplate that a character in Coronation Street or Eastenders can have an influence on an audience members attitude, beliefs or interpretations of society is a very simplistic and debatable version of the truth. The media does influence, but using more diverse and subtle roles of impact. Some theorists suggest that it is even a case of society influencing the media and not the more widespread and presumed version. History In the early 1930’s, the Payne Studies study took place into the effects and influences of the mass media on the society as a whole using, at times, theories or beliefs that dated back to the late nineteenth century. This is regarded as one of the first in the area of or notion that the mass media has an affect on the societal attitudes and beliefs of that time. This was soon follow around about a decade later in 1941 by Katz, Berelson, and Lazarsfeld who also decided to research into the topic of media effects, a research which produced the now commonly known ‘Minimum Effects Model’. The main aspect of this research being to investigate any possible link or factor that may influence voting behaviour. As has been described in numerous literature it’s ‘discovery’ was that the mass media played little or no part in the process of the formation of any political opinion, attitude or preference. They came to the conclusion that the biggest factor influencing people was not the media, but other people. By the 1960’s, there was a revival of Marxist attitudes, and so the work of Katz, Lazarsfeld, and Berelson was largely dismissed in favour of re-examining the model of research into media effects, due to the modifications the mass media had undergone in the post 1941 period, to consider another way in which to investigate the influence and the effects of the media. Influence, society and individuals As Jane Root wrote in the book â€Å"Open The Box†, which delves into the possibilities of media influence, â€Å"It has a role in defining what we think of as a natural†¦it helps to map out who we think we are†. To look at the medias effect and influence, there is an underlying need to define influence as we understand it in relation to society and it’s overall effect. Media is a major piece within society that is often linked to the notion of social influence. Society understands the notion or concept of being influenced as an â€Å"external force† (the media) linking itself or connecting with a personal action or viewpoint of the recipient. (John Corner: 2000: 378) The forces of influence that have been described as a major power in media effects are those that are circumstantial and directed, those which can be placed within a framework or model, for example â€Å"uses and gratifications†,  those of a generic function but ultimately those which state perspectives, interpretations, and measurements which can lead to evidence and proof. Uses & Gratifications Model A systematic and widely used model in social sciences study of media influence over the effects on an audience concerning behaviour, attitudes and beliefs, is the theory of uses and gratifications. This theory can be linked to the notion of social belonging and how an audience can be deceived into believing that this concept can be achieved. The tenet underlying this approach to studying audiences was that individuals actively consume and use the media in order to meet certain needs. In reality, with the power belonging in the focus of the media, it can be defined as a tool of subliminal persuasion. (O’Sullivan, Dutton, Raymer: 1998) Blumler and Katz (1974) concluded that audience’s fulfilment of needs came within the broad generalisation of four desires: * Diversion – a form of escape or emotional release from  everyday pressures. * Personal Relationships – companionships via television personalities and  characters and sociability through discussion about television with other people. * Personal Identity – the ability to compare one’s life with characters and  situations within programmes, and hence explore personal problems and perspectives. * Surveillance – a supply of information about what is going on in the  world. It is believed that this need to gratify its audience with the pursuit of an idealistic social fulfilment provides the media the opportunity to convey subliminal messages that may influence our opinions, interpretations and understanding of societal factors. The thought that the media is an overwhelming force that influences their audiences through the means of appealing to their desires and needs, must be examined in contrast with the notion that â€Å"every one is free†. Meaning that the mass media’s audience can resist being controlled, simply through choice. An individual always has the option of simply not watching that programme or not reading that particular newspaper. An individual makes the choice, and the selection that is made will merely underpin the views and inclinations that they already have. Television Violence It is believed that the most prominent sign of the mass medias influence is the link to violent programmes and violence within society. Some, technological determinists extend to the belief that the television has altered the world, and it is an â€Å"evil thing that rots the minds of youth†. Television characters are repeatedly recognized as heroes, due to the gaining of respect and numerous other rewards through their actions, they are especially likely to be imitated. For instance at the height of it’s British dominance of children’s television, The Power Rangers were the cause of a large number of accidents, injuries and quarrels that its young audience endured due to the imitation of the characters movements and actions. It may also act as a cue to aggressive behaviour, through desensitisation, uninhibitedness and stimulation. Scenes of violence in a horror film allegedly influenced the two accused ten year olds involved in the infamous James Bulger murder, in which a young boy was abducted and killed. It is  said that they undertook the resulting actions after becoming intrigued and excited by the violent scenes within the horror movie Childs Play. At the accused’ trial the defence made an attempt to present an argument that their actions could be explained through their fascination to television and films which distorted their understandings of society, reality and moral values. Also, it has been noted that naturally aggressive people may simply choose and prefer to watch more violent programmes than of any other nature. Friedrich and Stein found that aggressive-prone children are likely to become even more aggressive after watching violent television. A report made by the United States Surgeon General concluded that television violence is influential, as many as 25% of child viewers may be affected. But what it doesn’t take into account is that other research undertaken had shown, that from over 300 studies using numerous amounts of children, there was no direct effect of the violence portrayed through the mass media on the youth of contemporary society, though there is considerable disagreement between different studies. For instance it could be concluded that violence can never be considered the sole cause of delinquent behaviour, it may possibly just act to reinforce or affect those that are already prone to such tendencies. These examples have been noted as possible indications of the effects of the mass media through the means of expression of television violence, but the media is accused of also acting in more subliminal ways when looked at through the vehicle of the print based and television news. News The mass media present a stereotyped picture of life, which can often lead to undesirable prejudices within not just national, but international, society. The mass media and in particular the television and print based news are often accused as being a significant source, in wide ranging and varied ways, of enhancing common stereotypes. It is argued now that in the case of women, ethnic groups, the disabled, certain professions, the old, the  physically unattractive and even nationalities are all presented according to accepted stereotypes. As â€Å"the war on terrorism† in Afghanistan rages on the news that has come from that region has had exactly the same type of subliminal messaging that was continually occurring in the Gulf War press. The aim of that journalism was to distinguish the language concerning both sides that were at war. During the Gulf War the descriptions given to the opposite sides were of a distinct nature as to enhance the British reputation and to condemn the Saddam regime. British troops â€Å"took out†, â€Å"suppressed† and â€Å"eliminated† their opposition because of an â€Å"old fashioned sense of duty† because they are â€Å"professionals†, â€Å"brave† and â€Å"lion-hearted†, whereas Saddam’s army simply â€Å"killed† and â€Å"destroyed† because they â€Å"feared Saddam† and were â€Å"cowardly† and â€Å"Bastards of Baghdad† (O’Sullivan, Dutton, Rayner: 1998:80). These binary oppositions are used as a form of media propaganda, the conscious manipulation of information in order to gain political advantage. By using the media as a tool of manipulation the Conservative government of the Gulf War era and the Labour government of the present day have effectively stereotyped the opposition in order to provide national unity and enhance their own political agendas. Studies have also been carried out to study the effects of television on political behaviour, with Blumler (1970) as just one, concluding that television had little or no discernible influence over the viewer. Construction of the news is another way in which the mass media can have an influence over the masses. Through the placement of certain aspects of, for example, a news feature or the selective process made by editors it preserves the notion of media influence continually. Television and print based news, due primarily to their fixation with crime and violence arguably has a pessimistic impact upon our societal behaviour. The news can be described as being an oxymoron; giving us the skin of the truth stuffed with a lie. I personally do not concur with this as I consider that generally news does not lie, except it does not inform the audience of the entire truth by omitting the less interesting and dramatic parts. A news program is  primarily focused on the facts, but for the purposes of television and the print based media they tend to emphasise on the dramatic, generally violent stories and images to capture and sustain its audience, under the facade of keeping it informed. The med ias influence through the news is that it affects the public both consciously and subconsciously, and in some cases sends us about our lives unnecessarily fearing the remote dangers that we see excessively portrayed in the news. Stereotyping Children’s programmes especially have a tendency to amplify stereotypes, presenting â€Å"goodies† and â€Å"baddies† within episodes. The confirmation of their stereotypes may makes children feel more comfortable with themselves if they can place someone within a group. Also some children often only have their contact with some minority groups through the television. Greenfield (1984) found that Sesame Street’s use of ethnic and disabled minorities has had positive affects on children, particularly those from the minority groups who feel greater cultural pride and self-confidence. Certain events are over-reported, such as violent or sex crimes, and this acts to alter public opinion. Cohen (1965) suggests that the media creates moral panics by widely reporting an initially minor event, which leads to further comprehensive reports, detection of causes or troublemakers. Radio Cantril (1940) is often referred back upon as a classic example of how the mass media can influence through the gaining of trust. It refers to an incident in the late thirties that caused a widespread public panic in America after a radio station broadcast of H.G.Wells’ fictional narrative War of the Worlds. The production involved a series of news bulletins in which the reporter gave a â€Å"live† account of a Martian invasion. A lot of listeners had tuned in a few moments after the show had begun and so, apparently unaware that the program was of a fictitious nature, believed what they were hearing was the truth and so began becoming hysterical, with some taking to the streets and others even packing up their belongings as  quickly as they could and driving off in order to avoid the attacks. Cantril’s study was the documentation of media-social relations at the time and so the â€Å"invasion† pointed towards the influence that the radio had over the masses, as they truly believed the broadcast. The primary factor in the â€Å"invasion† was the trust that the public had in radio journalism being unwittingly extended to a practical simulation. What was evident from this episode was the steady, gradual and routine influence that the mass media as a whole had exerted, led to the radio broadcasts listeners faith that they were being attacked (Corner: 2000: 385). This case has been cited as being an excellent example of the â€Å"Hypodermic Needle Model†, a hypothesis which asserts that the media are dominant agents of influence, capable of â€Å"injecting† ideas and behaviours directly into fairly inert audiences of isolated individuals. It could also be marked down as not only showing the behavioural changes that can arise from a single piece of media output but also the underlying example of media influence that experts have looked for through experiments or fieldwork. Conclusion In closing, there are perceived to be constantly changing views on the influence that is exerted by the mass media. At first there was the attitude that the media was forcing itself upon us in such a way as to exert its influence and shape our beliefs, actions and values. Now though as time has moved on, theorists are thinking about this area of research in other ways and through diverse approaches. There was a shift in the perspective of researchers within audience reception in the seventies and is evident none more so than in the statement made by James Halloran (1970): â€Å"We must get away from the habit of thinking in terms of what the media do to people and substitute for it the idea of what people do with the media.† The technological determinist view, which states an overemphasis on the part of the mass media as the major, if not solitary cause of societal and  cultural changes, which have effected actions and beliefs, is not the view that I personally would concur with. In my opinion the mass media is an incredible tool of persuasion and could influence somebody undoubtedly. Mass media audiences are arguably on the whole not passive, and so the amount of influence that is exerted upon the recipient depends entirely on the individual. As most pieces of media output are â€Å"polysemic† in nature, meaning that it is capable of having different meanings and readings from person to person (O’Sullivan, Dutton, Rayner: 1998:327), the way in which, or by how much, an individual is influenced is entirely through choice. Bibliography * O’Sullivan, Dutton, Rayner: (1998): Arnold Publishers â€Å"Studying The Media: Second Edition† The following authors were cited from â€Å"Studying The Media: Second Edition† James Halloran (1970) Blumler and Katz (1974) James Curran & Michael Gurevitch: (2000): Arnold Publishers â€Å"Mass Media And Society: Third Edition† Chapter 19: John Corner: (2000) Within Chapter 19, written by John Corner the following authors were cited: Cantril (1940) Blumler (1970) * John Eldridge, Jenny Kitzninger, Kevin Williams: (1997): Oxford Uni. Press Inc â€Å"The Mass Media & Power In Modern Britain† The following authors were cited from â€Å"The Mass Media & Power In Modern Britain†: Greenfield (1984) Friedrich and Stein United States Surgeon General Report Cohen (1965) * Jane Root: (Unknown): (Unknown) â€Å"Open The Box†

Theme of Brotherly Love in Sonny’s Blues’ and The Red...

Theme of Brotherly Love INTRODUCTION Humanity experiences and shares different types of love because of its social nature, love that is synonymous with affection exist between likeminded and behavioral beings; brotherly love exists between siblings born to one mother or father o a combination of both. Although this definition is subjective, brotherly love extends beyond ones kinship to include persons whom you share same beliefs and values in life, in religious circles brotherly love is shown to members whom you share with same doctrines. The theme of brotherly love is illustrated in the story ‘Sonny’s Blues’ and ‘The Red Convertible’ using literary language and by use of stylistic devices amazingly. Both stories have brothers as protagonists. This paper illustrates the theme of brotherly love in the stories and gives relevant citations as examples. BROTHERLY LOVE IN SONNY’S BLUES Sonny’s Blues is a novella with Sonny and his brother a teacher as main characters; Sonny engaged in drug use and peddling an act that landed him prison where his brother visited him and eventually on release he lived with him. Sonny’s parents died at different times during the racial segregation epoch in America, they were African-Americans who suffered victimization. Before her mother’s death, she had instructed Sonny’s senior brother - a teacher- to take care of him because the surrounding world was dark symbolic for unfriendly. The theme of brotherly love begins when their mother requests them