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Decriminalization of Marijuana essays

Decriminalization of Marijuana essays The word marijuana means different things to different people. To doctors and pharmacists, it means a medication that can be used to treat pain and ease sickness. To police officers, it means an illegal substance that alters a persons mood, feelings, and personality. And to most law-abiding citizens, marijuana means something that will get them into trouble. It has not always been this way in America. Not until the early twentieth century did marijuana receive its bad reputation. Marijuana cultivation in the United States can trace its lineage some 400 years. (Stroup 1) For most of our nations history, farmers grew marijuana {then known exclusively as hemp} for its fiber content. Colonialists planted the first American hemp crop in 1611 near Jamestown, Virginia. (Stroup 2) Marijuana cultivation continued as an agricultural staple in America through the turn of the 20th century. (Stroup 2) Marijuana first earned recognition as an intoxicant in the 1920s and 1930s. Recreational use of the drug became associated primarily with the Mexican-American immigrant workers and African-American jazz musician community. During this time, hemp was renamed marihuana and the plants longstanding history as a cash crop was replaced with a new image: The Devils Weed. (Stroup 2) In 1930, the federal government founded the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN), headed by Commissioner Harry Anslinger. The group launched a misinformation campaign against the drug and enrolled the services of Hollywood and several tabloid newspapers. Headlines across the nation began publicizing alleged reports of marijuana-induced insanity and violence. Exaggerated accounts of violent crimes committed by immigrants reportedly intoxicated by marijuana became widespread. (Stroup 2) Once under the influence of the drug, criminals knew no fear and lost all inhibitions. (Stroup 2) For example, a news bul...

US Welfare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

US Welfare System - Essay Example Its objectives were to provide monetary aid to impoverished families; end the generation to generation cycle of welfare dependency by encouraging marriage, job training and employment; reducing the number of children who are born out-of-wedlock while encouraging family units that contain two parents. TANF â€Å"tightens benefit eligibility criteria by implementing a five-year lifetime limit on receiving benefits, invoking stricter work and education requirements to qualify for benefits and strengthening the enforcement of child support obligations† (Keng, Garasky & Jensen, 2000). TANF and the welfare system as a whole has been the subject of much debate for many years regarding not only how, but if, it should be implemented. This discussion examines the U.S. welfare system including its history, the issues surrounding it, documents the failures and successes which have resulted and attempts to appreciate the cultural aspects regarding the reasons ethnic groups are more likely to receive welfare benefits. Additionally, the U.S. welfare system is compared to those of other developed countries in an effort to contextualize the subject. The U.S. welfare system was, from early on, derived from the concepts of the ‘poor laws’ of sixteenth century Europe. Welfare policies have been begrudgingly sanctioned so as to give aid to those deemed ‘worthy’ of public assistance. Its intimidating guidelines are widely thought to be based upon racial and gender connotations to distinguish those that are not ‘worthy’ of such assistance. The U.S. welfare system is â€Å"designed to teach a broader lesson to all who observed [its] rituals [and] a lesson about the moral imperative of work and the fate that would befall those who shirked† (Piven, 1998, p. 74). The welfare system in the U.S. has developed in three stages. The first resemblance of welfare models were created from the

Measurement and instruments Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Measurement and instruments - Lab Report Example on-chip Hall voltage generator for magnetic sensing, a Schmitt activate to offer switching hysteresis for noise denial, a comparator that amplifies the Hall voltage, and output open collector. An internal regulator is used to offer temperature remunerated supply of voltage for internal circuits and enables a large operating supply choice, When current flows through a piece of metal, the voltage can be measured perpendicular to the flow of current and the voltage should equal zero under no influence of a magnetic field (PopovicÃŒ , 74). When a magnet field is introduced perpendicular to the flow of current a voltage is induced. If you reverse the polarity of the magnet the polarity of the induced voltage will reverse. The operation is ignited when the device is placed in a magnetic field. When the material is placed in a magnetic field, the flux lines of the magnet and exerts a force on the material which is a semiconductor. This leads to deflection of electrons and charges. Movement of charge carries is due to magnetic force that they experience (PopovicÃŒ , 204). When current flows through a piece of metal, the voltage can be measured perpendicular to the flow of current and the voltage should equal zero under no influence of a magnetic field. When a magnet field is introduced perpendicular to the flow of current a voltage is induced. If you reverse the polarity of the magnet the polarity of the induced voltage will reverse. There are distinctive features that the instrument has. The features include low current consumption, 3.5V to 24V DC operation voltage, open-Collector pre-driver, wide operating voltage range, temperature compensation, 50mA maximum sinking output current and reverse polarity protection. This is the Hall Effect named after Edwin Hall who discovered this in 1879. The principle which was used was the basic physical principle underlying the Hall Effect being Lorentz force. To generate a potential difference across the device the magnetic flux

Ghaidan v. Godin-Mendoza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ghaidan v. Godin-Mendoza - Essay Example The Claimant Mr. Ghaidan who is also the appellant seek for an overturn of the Court of Appeal ruling in the Lordship’s House. The Court of Appeal ruled against Mr. Ghaidan who wanted to evict a tenant in his apartment claiming that the tenant-Mr. Godin-Mendoza did not have the right to inherit the property from the deceased spouse. The dead spouse and Mr. Godin-Mendoza had engaged in homosexual marriage1. Because in Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd [2001] 1 AC 27 the Lordship’s House did not recognise inheritance of property by a same sex partner Mr. Ghaidan thought that this was the best opportunity to evict Mr. Godin-Mendoza from his flat. Mr. Godin-Mendoza was in the Lordship’s House as a defendant in the appeal case brought about by Mr. Ghaidan who wanted to evict him from his flat after the death of his partner Mr. Wallwyn-James had died2. Mr. Godin-Mendoza was living with a protected tenant who also happened to be his marriage partner- Mr. Wa llwyn-James in basement flat at 17 Cresswell Gardens, London SW5. However, when his partner Mr. Wallwyn-James died as rightful spouse he thought that he was protected by Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Schedule 1 to the Rent Act 1977. This Act provides that a surviving spouse of the protected tenant if living in the same dwelling-house until the death of the partner will became an automatic legal tenant after the death of the protected partner. Mr. Godin-Mendoza was in the House of Lords to defend his right to occupy the dwelling house after the death of his spouse considering that the landlord wanted to evict him. Judges in the case of Ghaidan v. Godin-Mendoza [2004] A number of judges presided over the appeal case in the Lordship’s House and they include Lord Steyn, Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry Lord Millett, and Baroness Hale of Richmond3. The House of Lords judges dismissed the appeal by Mr. Ghaidan and as such the claimant- Mr. Ghaidan lost his case whereb y he intended to expel Mr. Godin-Mendoza from the apartment. Difference between House of Lords decision and Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd [2001] The first imminent difference in the two cases involves the fact that one ruling recognised same-sex marriage while the other disputed same sex marriage with respect to succession of property from a deceased partner4. In Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd case the judges expressed that it is only surviving partners of the heterosexual marriages that have a right to legal tenancy by succession after the death of their spouse with who they have been sharing a dwelling house. However this provision is not recognised in homosexual marriages and as such they have to compete with other members of the family of the protected tenant for rightful tenancy by succession. House of Lords decision in Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza recognised same sex marriages in relation to legal tenancy by succession. The House of Lords Judges sta ted that both the heterosexual and homosexual spouses have equal right in succeeding the dwelling house of the deceased spouse in which the couple have been living in together as husband and wife5. This is the main reason why the landlord Mr. Ghaidan failed his appeal which he tried to evict Mr. Godin-Mendoza because they were engaged in a same sex marriage. Material facts i) The fact that the defendant was a homosexual was a material fact. This is

The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971

The Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971 India Pakistan War 1971 also known as Bangladesh Liberation War was as armed conflict between India and East Pakistan against West Pakistan. The war resulted in massive defeat of West Pakistan and secession of East Pakistan which is now known as Bangladesh. The war broke out on November 14 1971, initially engaging East Pakistan and West Pakistan, and later joined by India after attack of West Pakistan on the Indian Air Bases on December 3rd 1971. The war lasted until December 17th 1971. The cultural difference, economic exploitation, and language controversy between East Pakistan and West Pakistan led to separatist movement in East Pakistan. The army of West Pakistan launched Operation Searchlight to crush the movement. The massacre of thousands of civilians in East Pakistan was the main cause of the war. This research paper examines the study of the major combats and tactics used by both militaries. India and Pakistan got freedom from British rule and became separate nations in August 1947. Since then they fought many wars. In the year of 1971, East Pakistan which was the part of Pakistan earlier started protesting against the policy of the Pakistani Government. Pakistani failure to accommodate demands for autonomy in East Pakistan led to a separatist movement. West Pakistani Government launched fierce campaign called Operation Searchlight to crush the separatist movement. In 1971 West Pakistani Army carried out genocide in East Pakistan. Millions were killed and about ten millions refugees fled to India during the genocide. India already suffering from humanitarian and economic crisis was not able to carry burden of 10 million refugees. India started aiding to the Liberation Army of East Pakistan also called as Mukti Bahini to make East Pakistan an independent state and restore those refugees back to their homeland. This way the war in Eastern Theater started engaging Indian Mi litary, West Pakistani Military and Liberation Army. To release the pressure from the soldiers fighting in the East Pakistan and, to draw worlds attention away from the Genocide, West Pakistani Air Force attacked Indian Air Bases on December 3rd 1971. After the attack, India officially entered into war with West Pakistan. December 3rd 1971, 5.45 pm in evening, Pakistan launched massive attack against India by bombing Indian Airfields at Amritsar, Pathankot, Srinagar, Avantipur, Uttarlai, Faridpur, Chandigarh, Ambala and Agra. Pakistans main intention was to carry out massive air attack like the one that Israel carried out against Egypt in 1967 destroying Egyptian Air force completely. It was pre-emptive strike to destroy the Indian Air Force (IAF) completely before launching massive ground attack. The Pakistani Air Force (PAF) plane came in formation of 2, 3 and 6 and could not cause any irreparable damage to Indian planes or to Runway. Pakistan Air Force didnt succeed because of the simple reason that the Israeli plan that was studied and rehearsed by PAF was also studied by IAF. So the Pakistani attack on Indian Air bases was partially known to IAF thats why IAF took necessary caution for such kind of attack. The Indian command had dispersed most of its war planes from the forward air field to the interior areas which were away from the normal range of Pakistani Bombers. IAF took the precaution of hiding their planes inside the concrete pens so that only direct hit can destroy the plane. Almost all the Indian airfields were protected by the ack-ack anti aircraft guns hidden under the camouflaged netting. In response to Pakistani attack, Indian Air Force planes took off for Pakistan at the midnight 12.30 Am on December 4th 1971. Indian bombers attacked almost all Pakistani air fields in the West within 5 hour of taking to the air. IAF flew 500 sorties on the first night of attack. IAF flew equal amount of sorties in east and west but did more damage in East Pakistan. IAF destroyed half of the strength of PAF in east and PAF was left with only 9 Sabre Jets in the east. On 6th December 1971 IAF carried out 120 sorties for ground attack only. The IAF airman went to Attock to bomb Pakistani Refinery. Along with that, they destroyed eight railway station carrying military supplies and ammunitions and 22 wagons of goods train. IAF destroyed Pakistani target such as Bridges, Petrol Pumps, tanks, armored vehicles etc. IAF pilots carried out attacks on the PAF airbases at Mianwali, Murid,Sargodha, Sharkot, Chander and Risawala. During the 14 Day war period, IAF flew some 4000 stories in the we st and 2000 in the East.IAF also helped ground troops in many ground battles. In the Western Theater of war, the Indian Navy under the command of Vice Admiral Kohli achieved success by attacking Karachis port in the code named Operation Trident on the night of 4-5 December. Pakistani Naval headquarters was based at the historic and strategic port of Karachi here almost their entire fleet was concentrated. Pakistan attacked on Indian Airbases on December 3rd so it wasnt possible to carry out attack on the same night for Indian Navy. The attack was planned for the night of 4-5th December which was to be coordinated by continuous aerial bombardment from the IAF. The first attack on Karachi was to be undertaken by the Killer squadron which had these three missile boats; INS Nipat, INS Nirghat and INS Veer later accompanied by INS Kiltan and INS Vidyut. The fleet moved closer to the Pakistani land in the darkness of night. When the fleet was 70 miles away from Karachi, the squadron commander (K-25) B.B Yadav detected a contact at a distance of about 45 miles and a second contact about 42 miles northeast. That was the Pakistani destroyer Khaibar which failed to receive orders on investigation possible contact south of Karachi. K-25 ordered INS Nirghst to handle the contact in northwest. When INS Nirghat saw destroyer coming straight at the force, it launched a missile. When Khaibar saw a bright light approaching her they open fir anti aircraft gun mistaking it to be an aircraft. The missile struck Khaibar and exploded below the aft galley about 22.45hrs Pakistani time.

Lady Audleys Secret Essay -- essays research papers

The Style and Genre of Lady Audley’s Secret   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Audley’s Secret, by Mary Elizabeth Braddon, is a novel of many elements. It has been placed in many different style or genre categories since its publication. I feel that it best fits under the melodrama or sensational genre, and under the subgenre of mystery. It contains significant elements of both types of writing, so I feel it is best to recognize both, keeping in mind that melodrama is its main device and mystery is a type of Victorian melodrama. In order to understand how the story fits into these categories, it is necessary to explore the Victorian characteristics of each, and apply them to the text. In addition to establishing the genres, it is important to explain why and how these genres fit into Victorian culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term melodrama has come to be applied to any play with romantic plot in which an author manipulates events to act on the emotions of the audience without regard for character development or logic (Microsoft Encarta). In order to classify as a Victorian melodrama, several key techniques must be used, including proximity and familiarity to the audience, deceit rather than vindictive malice, lack of character development and especially the role of social status. The sensational novel is usually a tale of our own times. Proximity is indeed one great element of sensation. A tale which aims to electrify the nerves of the reader is never thoroughly effective unless the scene be laid out in our own days and among the people we are in the habit of meeting. In keeping with mid-Victorian themes, Lady Audley’s Secret is closely connected to the street literature and newspaper accounts of real crimes. The crimes in Braddon’s novel are concealed and secret. Like the crimes committed by respected doctors and trusted ladies, the crimes in Lady Audley’s Secret shock because of their unexpectedness. Crime in the melodrama of the fifties and sixties is chilling, because of the implication that dishonesty and violence surround innocent people. A veneer of virtue coats ambitious conniving at respectability. Lady Audley’s Secret concludes with a triumph of good over evil, but at the same time suggests unsettlingly that this victory occu rs so satisfyingly only in melodramas (Kalikoff, 9... ...r with seemingly no real purpose in the novel turns out to be the key to unlocking the whole plot. This technique was very popular in Victorian mystery. By using the elements of both melodrama and mystery fiction, Mary Elizabeth Braddon was able to create her most famous work of her long lasted career, Lady Audley’s Secret. Her ability to construe a mystery and keep the reader involved in her work shows the talent she had for writing. Mary Braddon would not have been a popular Victorian novelist if she had not engaged in a certain amount of sentimentality (melodrama) in her fiction (Peterson, 165-166). Her choice of the mystery made her famous and revered by many of her colleagues. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to her once that he wished his “days to be bound each to each by Miss Braddon’s novels';, and Tennyson declared that he was “simply steeped in Miss Braddon'; (Peterson, 161). By exploring the elements of both melodrama and mystery, it becomes clear that Lady Audley’s Secret fits into both. Using these genres, Braddon was able to create a successful novel of her time that incorporated both reader em otion and Victorian culture.

Throwing the Perfect Party

Brittney Liston Professor Thomas English Comp. I September 26, 2011 Throwing the Perfect Party Throwing the perfect party requires a lot of planning because the party planner’s reputation will be put in the spotlight. Rather it being a party that goes well or if it’s a total disaster. Hosting a party can be stressful if the proper amount of time is not used wisely in planning the party. Lots of people have failed and very few have succeeded in creating the perfect party depending on the time used in planning the party. The ones that failed usually were because they had poor planning skills. There are many steps that need to be followed in order to throw the perfect party. First off, take time to plan things out. Check dates out to make sure that party is not planned on top of another event that might be going on. A decision on location also needs to be made at this time. Now since they have a location and a date set a guest list can be started. Verify that all contact information for guest is good. The second step would be deciding a theme for the party. A month before the party is ideal for knowing the theme so that purchasing favors, decorations can be done and that everyone is properly dressed for the event. Wait around three weeks before the party to send out invitations. A reserve by date is good so that an accurate count can be made so that food and entertainment can be planned. The menu can be decided at this time. The menu will depend on the type of party being thrown. Finger foods and soft drinks are good for simple parties, while a full dinner maybe needed for a formal party. Activities should be decided at this time. If a band will be attending verify weekly with the band so that they are sure of their attendance. If planning to use personal media prepare what songs will be used and set those aside. Around a week before the party send out reminders to guest so that attendance will be assured. Calling the guest that has not responding is also a good idea in case they might have not received the invitation. Two days before the party get a final count of the guests attending so that the proper amount of things will be available at the party. Remember to take all food out of freezer that needs time to thaw out. Make sure that plenty of batteries and film are available so that all the special moments are captured by camera. If the party is to be held in a personal home be sure that all organizing and cleaning is done at this time so that it is ready for the party. The day before the party should be used to prepare most of the food that can be prepared early. If the party location is available use this time to do all indoor decorating so that it will be ready for the party. The day of the party is finally here. All of the early preparations have paid off to make this day a perfect day. Now is the time to put outdoor decorations out. All of the food that was not prepared prior should now get prepared and available to use. The guests are all arriving and all that is left to do is to enjoy to perfect party that you have made possible through proper planning. Now since the day of the party is finally here, do all of the last minute adjustments to the decorations. Make sure all the placements are out and ready, and that the music selection is in order.

Film Language makes or breaks a non-print text essays

Film Language makes or breaks a non-print text essays If you read a written text and it has a certain effect on you, for instance it makes you scared, we can look closely at the way the text has been constructed to see how the writer has used the tools at their disposal to create the fear. Reading a film works in exactly the same way except that the tools that are used to create meaning are different. We call these tools film language. Film Language generally consists of the use of Camera, Light and color, sound and editing. It is therefore understandable that, without appropriate film language and direction, a film will fail to successfully convey a specific meaning or narrate a particular story. Two films in recent times that have experimented and adopted a new film language style have been The Matrix and The Blair Witch Project in which their success relied on their film language style. For most people, the first thing they say after viewing the Matrix is, the special effects were amazing or how did they do that? The film features a complex and revolutionary plot that is accompanied by groundbreaking special effects. The Matrix shows how the code of film is always changing and evolving with the arrival of new technologies and revolutionary techniques introduced by pioneering directors. A good example of this would be the use of bullet-time in The Matrix which has been used repeatedly in many films since, whether simply using the technique for the same effect as in Spiderman, or parodying it as in Shrek. The film would have never been as successful if such technologies weren't available. The atmosphere created in the Matrix is dependant on its sound, editing, and visuals, which worked together to create a surreal, yet frightening realistic environment. It used surround-sound, computer generated digital effects. When the Matrix wanted action, Hollywood turned to Hong Kong and the legendary fight choreographer,...

The Odyssey Summary

'The Odyssey' Summary The Odyssey, Homers epic poem, is comprised of two distinct narratives. One narrative takes place in Ithaca, an island whose ruler, Odysseus, has been absent for twenty years. The other narrative is Odysseus’ own journey back home, which consists both of present-day narrations and recollections of his past adventures in lands inhabited by monsters and natural wonders. Books 1-4: Telemacheia The Odyssey begins with an introduction that presents the theme and the protagonist of the work, Odysseus, emphasizing the wrath of Poseidon towards him. The Gods decide that it’s time for Odysseus, who is being held captive by the nymph Calypso on the island of Ogygia, to come home. The Gods send Athena to Ithaca in disguise to speak with Odysseus son, Telemachus. Ithacas palace is occupied by 108 suitors all seeking to marry Penelope, who is Odysseus wife and Telemachus mother. The suitors constantly taunt and belittle Telemachus. The disguised Athena comforts a distressed Telemachus and tells him to go to Pylos and Sparta to learn of his father’s whereabouts from the kings Nestor and Menelaus. Aided by Athena, Telemachus leaves in secret, without telling his mother. This time, Athena is disguised as Mentor, Odysseus’ old friend. Once Telemachus reaches Pylos, he meets the king Nestor, who explains that he and Odysseus parted ways shortly after the end of the war. Telemachus learns about the disastrous homecoming of Agamemnon, who, upon his return from Troy, was killed by his wife and her lover. In Sparta, Telemachus learns from Menelaus’ wife Helen that Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, managed to get into Troy’s stronghold before it capitulated. Meanwhile in Ithaca, the suitors find out that Telemachus departed and decide to ambush him.   Books 5-8: At the Phaeacians’ Court Zeus sends his winged messenger Hermes to the island of Calypso to convince her to release her captive Odysseus, whom she wanted to make immortal. Calypso consents and provides assistance by helping Odysseus build a raft and telling him the way. Yet, as Odysseus approaches Scheria, the island of the Phaeacians, Poseidon catches a glimpse of him and destroys his raft with a storm. After swimming for three days, Odysseus makes it onto dry land, where he falls asleep under an oleander tree. He is found by Nausicaa (the princess of the Phaeacians), who invites him over to the palace and instructs him to ask her mother, queen Arete, for mercy. Odysseus arrives to the palace alone and behaves as he is told, without revealing his name. He is granted a ship to leave for Ithaca and is invited to join the Phaeacian’s feast as an equal. Odysseus stay culminates with the appearance of the bard Demodocus, who recounts two episodes of the Trojan War, interposed by the retelling of the love affair between Ares and Aphrodite. (Though not made explicit, Demodocus storytelling ostensibly moves Odysseus to recount his own journey, as Odysseus first-person narration begins in Book 9.) Books 9-12: Odysseus’ Wanderings Odysseus explains that his goal is to return home and begins to recount his previous voyages. He tells the following story: After a disastrous first venture in the land of the Cycones (the only population in The Odyssey that is also mentioned in historical sources), Odysseus and his companions found themselves in the land of the Lotus-eaters, who attemped to give them food that would have made them lose the will to get home. Next came the land of the Cyclops, where nature was bountiful and food was plenty. Odysseus and his men became trapped the cave of the cyclops Polyphemus. Odysseus escaped by using his cleverness to trick Polyphemus, then blinding him. With this act, Odysseus inspired Poseidons wrath, as Polyphemus was a son of Poseidon. Next, Odysseus and his fellow seafarers met Aeolus, the ruler of the winds. Aeolus gave Odysseus a goatskin containing all the winds except Zephyr, which would blow them towards Ithaca. Some of Odysseus companions believed the goatskin contained riches, so they opened it, which caused them to drift in the sea yet again. They reached the land of the cannibal-like Laestrygonians, where they lost some of their fleet when the Laestrygonians destroyed it with rocks. Next, they met the witch Circe on the island Aeaea. Circe turned all the men but Odysseus into pigs and took Odysseus as a lover for a year. She also told them to sail west to communicate with the dead, so Odysseus spoke with the prophet Tiresias, who told him not to let his companions eat the Sun’s cattle. Upon his return to Aeaea, Circe warned Odysseus against the sirens, who lure sailors with their deadly songs, and Scylla and Charybdis, a sea monster and a whirlpool. Tiresias’ warning went unheeded due to famine, and the sailors ended up eating the Sun’s cattle. As a consequence, Zeus brewed up a storm that caused all men but Odysseus to die. That’s when Odysseus arrived on the island of Ogygia, where Calypso kept him as a lover for seven years.   Books 13-19: Back to Ithaca After finishing his account, Odysseus receives even more gifts and riches from the Phaeacians. He is then transported back to Ithaca on a Phaeacian ship overnight. This enrages Poseidon, who turns the ship to stone once it’s almost back to Scheria, which in turn makes Alcinous swear that they will never help any other foreigner again. On the shore of Ithaca, Odysseus finds the goddess Athena, who is disguised as a young shepherd. Odysseus pretends to be a merchant from Crete. Soon, though, both Athena and Odysseus drop their disguises, and together they hide the riches given to Odysseus by the Phaeacians while plotting Odysseus’ revenge. Athena turns Odysseus into a beggar and then goes to Sparta to assist Telemachus in his return. Odysseus, in the beggar disguise, pays a visit to Eumaeus, his loyal swineherd who shows kindness and dignity to this apparent stranger. Odysseus tells Eumaeus and the other farmers that he is a former warrior and seafarer from Crete. Meanwhile, aided by Athena, Telemachus reaches Ithaca and pays his own visit to Eumaeus. Athena encourages Odysseus to reveal himself to his son. What follows is a tearful reunion and the plotting of the suitors’ downfall. Telemachus leaves for the palace, and soon Eumaeus and Odysseus-as-a-beggar follow suit. Once they arrive, suitor Antinous and goatherd Melanthius ridicule him. Odysseus-as-a-beggar tells Penelope that he met Odysseus during his previous travels. Tasked with washing the beggar’s feet, housekeeper Eurycleia recognizes him as Odysseus by detecting an old scar from his youth. Eurycleia tries to tell Penelope, but Athena prevents it. Books 18-24: The Slaying of the Suitors The following day, advised by Athena, Penelope announces an archery competition, cunningly promising that she will wed whoever wins. The weapon of choice is Odysseus’ bow, which means that he alone is strong enough to string it and shoot it through the dozen axe-heads. Predictably,  Odysseus wins the competition. Aided by Telemachus, Eumaeus, the cowherd Philoetius, and Athena, Odysseus kills the suitors. He and Telemachus also hang the twelve maids that Eurycleia identifies as having betrayed Penelope by engaging in sexual relations with the suitors. Then, finally, Odysseus reveals himself to Penelope, which she thinks is a ruse until he reveals that he knows that their marital bed is carved out of a live-in olive tree. The following day, he also reveals himself to his elderly father Laertes, who has been living in seclusion due to grief. Odysseus wins Laertes trust by describing an orchard that Laertes had previously given him.   The locals of Ithaca plan to avenge the killing of the suitors and the deaths of all of Odysseus’ sailors, and so follow Odysseus down the road. Once again, Athena comes to his aid, and justice is re-established in Ithaca.

To Build a Fire and Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To Build a Fire and Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example Another interesting point is that Hawthorne makes sure to clarify that the journey which Goodman Brown makes into the forest is done at night and not during the day. If any trespasser were asked what comes to his mind with the thought of a dark forest, it can safely be assumed that by and large the first response would be related to the creepy feel that a dark forest exuberates. The dark forest sets the tone of the story and makes it clear to the reader from the start that what he is about to read is not a happily ending romantic novel or a light comedy, rather the dark thought provoking nature of the story comes across instantly. Therefore, the very first role played by the most predominantly used element of nature in the story, the forest, is to highlight the feel of the narrative and set the mood of the story. Time and again references have been made in the novel to the nature of the forest by the use of adjectives such as â€Å"gloomy,† â€Å"dark,† â€Å"silent,â €  â€Å"wilderness,† and so forth. ... As Goodman Brown continues with his journey in the forest he meets an old man, who has not been given a name but it appears to be obvious that Goodman Brown does know that he will be meeting this man and that the meeting was not a coincidence. The conversation between Goodman Brown and the old man revolves around the old man challenging Goodman Brown’s belief in the goodness of the people of the society and his father and grandfather. From this conversation it appears as though the old man represents the devil or the temptation that attracts man towards evil. Hawthorne makes it a point to specify that the â€Å"old† man is sitting under an â€Å"old† tree while waiting for Goodman Brown, so that the reader can instantly make the connection of the old man with evil because there is an inherent eeriness associated with old trees with their sagging roots. Furthermore, the stick which the old man is narrated to be holding is constantly compared to a black serpent as follows, â€Å"But the only thing about him that could be fixed upon as remarkable was his staff, which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself like a living serpent,† (Hawthorne, 8). Here we see another element of nature coming into play, the snake is said to be amongst the most venomous of all animals and the fact that the old man holds this stick with such comfort reflects on his association with evil. An interesting piece of conversation from the story is as follows, "Come, Goodman Brown," cried his fellow-traveler, "this is a dull pace for the beginning of a journey. Take my staff, if you are so soon weary,† (Hawthorne, 9), this suggestion of the old man to Goodman Brown can have

Introduction to Accounting and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to Accounting and Finance - Essay Example A mixing, filling, and labeling machine would cost me 45.000 pounds to purchase and install and I would need to invest 20.000 pounds in advertising. Initial stock of supplies would cost 6.000 pounds and I would have to employ two workers at 2.000 pounds/month each to cover two shifts with the machine. My gross salary is set at 4.000 pounds per month as I will be responsible for management and sales. We would start working immediately to set things up so our salary, accountant, and rent would include two additional months, i.e January through August in 2011 instead of six, while other costs and revenues are calculated on the basis of six months. I would have to pay accountant 200 pounds a month and that includes end year financial and tax statements. Marginal Costs Statements Our marginal costs are variable costs of supplies and marketing costs for selling additional products. The formula is Cost per additional jar = variable costs (or in our case costs of supplies for a jar) but in r eality we cannot purchase supplies in such small quantities so increments should be set per 100 jar package. Our marginal costs per unit between anticipated 15.000 unit sales and maximum capacity of 20.000 units are 50 pennies per jar or 2.500 pounds per month. ... Quantities over 20.000 units per month would probably cost more to make than quantities around 15.000 as I plan. If we were able to sell 20.000 units per month i.e. 5.000 more than we anticipated, and there would be no bottlenecks in production, we would get additional income of 10.000 pounds per month that would cost only 2.500 pounds per month. Our pretax profits would rise for 90.000 pounds a year. 3) Breakeven Point Breakeven point is a level of sales where revenues equal expenses. To calculate this point we have to divide our fixed costs on enough units. Formula is Breakeven Production = Fixed Costs / (Selling Price – Variable Costs) Breakeven Production = 13.200 L per month/1,5L per unit = 8.800 units per month In our case everything except supplies represent fixed costs. Our rent is set regardless of the products we make and sell, we have to pay salaries regardless of production and sales, we have to pay the accountant, advertising, and amortization and miscellaneous is completely detached from sales we make. The only real variable cost of producing additional unit is therefore the cost of supplies. From the graph below we can see that we anticipate to reach Breakeven point in second month of production and by fourth month we intend to reach our sales target that will remain constant until and if we decide to add capital investment and labor. 4) Proformance Financial Reports a) Proforma Cash Budget Proforma Cash Budget January February March April May June July August September November December Inflows 50,000 20,000 32,455 60,221 15,822 13,122 9,122 4,233 2,445 2,124 3,600 Investment for 40% stake in the company 4,300 10,324 9,800 5,787 6,458 5,457 9,500 3,100 1,200 2,457 3,000 Net Sales 12,122 12,000 12,800 14,500 10,300 8,000 16,000