Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students

Strategies for Teaching Writing to Elementary Students One of our most important tasks has is to introduce their young students to the written language and how to use it creatively and effectively in order to communicate. Whether you teach primary or upper elementary grades, your administrator is counting on you to teach your students to quantifiably improve in writing this school year. Here are a few effective teaching strategies to try out in your classroom implement a few or try them all. 1. Writing Instruction Doesnt Have To Be Intimidating   For You Or The Students Many educators find teaching writing a real challenge. Sure there are all the rules of grammar and punctuation, but outside of those boundaries, there are as many stories to be told as there are people in the world. How do we corral our students enthusiasm and creative minds so that their writing is coherent, engaging, and purposeful? 2. A Strong Beginning Is Crucial Then Move Onto The Basics Start by teaching your students how to write a strong beginning to their stories. With this skill in hand, your students will then be ready to learn about the importance of word choice and avoiding boring, flat, overused words. 3. More Advanced Descriptive Techniques Dont Have To Be Hard To Teach Even the youngest elementary school students will enjoy trying their hand at tongue twisters. And what do tongue twisters have to do with writing? Well, its an easy way to introduce the concept of alliteration. Achoo! Slam! Kaboom! Not only do children love sound effects, but they come to the classroom with a strong familiarity with this subject. Sound effects add power and imagery to writing, and not to mention its easy to teach students how to appropriately use this skill to kick their writing up a notch. 4. Writing Applications You Might Not Have Considered Obviously, writing enters into all aspects of human life, especially nowadays in the age of the Internet and email. Use a pen pal program to teach your students how to effectively communicate with their peers in letter format. Its an invaluable skill and a dying art. Or, try practice letter-writing and compile weekly parent newsletters all in one fell swoop! Thats another time-saver that practices writing skills at the same time. Another important aspect of language arts is oral communication and listening skills. Through this easy and fun impromptu speeches lesson, your students will write a speech, perform it out loud, and practice listening to each other. 5. A Well-Rounded Writing Curriculum Is Within Your Grasp These real life, classroom-tested  writing lessons  are proven, fun, and easy-to-implement. With practice and diligence, you will watch your students writing soar and improve daily. Edited by  Janelle Cox

Free Essays on Stability and Continuity

The Importance of Stability and Continuity Stability is important, because it helps to predict how an individual criminal behavior will be in the future based on what they have done in the past. Studies have shown that those individuals that have criminal records as adults, had behaviors as toddlers or teenagers that demonstrated that there would be problems in the future. The theory is that the past will predict the future based on how frequent these behavior patterns occurred and if those crimes committed decreased or increase in the seriousness of the crime. However, this becomes a tricky situation, because children are capable of change, but their behavior as children does play a major role in the criminal activities that they engage in as teenagers and adults. If a child is born into a family that has a criminal past are likely to have a criminal past themselves. Many believe this to be the case, because the child grows up within an environment of negative influences and as a result, they know nothing different and don’t have positive influences to encourage them to do better. If these issues of aggression that could and probably will lead to criminal behavior, are addressed at an early age, the better the chances of intervention. With the proper treatment and guidance as children, offenders could be law abiding citizens, instead of offenders. This is why stability is so important, since it is stability that will give the information necessary to determine the likelihood of a child of teenager becoming an offender. It would be these warning signs that would be used to determine the type of intervention to be used to prevent criminal activity. Children are vulnerable, because they aren’t able to make sense of what they are doing as being wrong, if they have seen individuals within their family and outside their family conduct criminal activity. Different issues play major parts in behavior especially when dealing with chil... Free Essays on Stability and Continuity Free Essays on Stability and Continuity The Importance of Stability and Continuity Stability is important, because it helps to predict how an individual criminal behavior will be in the future based on what they have done in the past. Studies have shown that those individuals that have criminal records as adults, had behaviors as toddlers or teenagers that demonstrated that there would be problems in the future. The theory is that the past will predict the future based on how frequent these behavior patterns occurred and if those crimes committed decreased or increase in the seriousness of the crime. However, this becomes a tricky situation, because children are capable of change, but their behavior as children does play a major role in the criminal activities that they engage in as teenagers and adults. If a child is born into a family that has a criminal past are likely to have a criminal past themselves. Many believe this to be the case, because the child grows up within an environment of negative influences and as a result, they know nothing different and don’t have positive influences to encourage them to do better. If these issues of aggression that could and probably will lead to criminal behavior, are addressed at an early age, the better the chances of intervention. With the proper treatment and guidance as children, offenders could be law abiding citizens, instead of offenders. This is why stability is so important, since it is stability that will give the information necessary to determine the likelihood of a child of teenager becoming an offender. It would be these warning signs that would be used to determine the type of intervention to be used to prevent criminal activity. Children are vulnerable, because they aren’t able to make sense of what they are doing as being wrong, if they have seen individuals within their family and outside their family conduct criminal activity. Different issues play major parts in behavior especially when dealing with chil...

Ancient Olmec Trade and Economy

Ancient Olmec Trade and Economy The Olmec culture thrived in the humid lowlands of Mexicos Gulf coast during the Early and Middle Formative periods of Mesoamerica, from about 1200–400 BCE. They were great artists and talented engineers who had a complex religion and worldview. Although much information about the Olmecs has been lost to time, archaeologists have succeeded in learning much about their culture from excavations in and around the Olmec homeland. Among the interesting things they have learned is the fact that the Olmec were diligent traders who had many contacts with contemporary Mesoamerican civilizations. Mesoamerican Trade Before the Olmec By 1200 BCE, the people of Mesoamerica- present-day Mexico and Central America- were developing a series of complex societies. Trade with neighboring clans and tribes was common, but these societies did not have long-distance trade routes, a merchant class, or a universally accepted form of currency, so they were limited to a down-the-line sort of trade network. Prized items, such as Guatemalan jadeite or a sharp obsidian knife, might well wind up far from where it was mined or created, but only after it had passed through the hands of several isolated cultures, traded from one to the next. The Dawn of the Olmec One of the accomplishments of Olmec culture was the use of trade to enrich their society. Around 1200 BCE, the great Olmec city of San Lorenzo (its original name is unknown) began creating long-distance trade networks with other parts of Mesoamerica. The Olmec were skilled artisans, whose pottery, stone tools, statues, and figurines proved popular for commerce. The Olmecs, in turn, were interested in many things that were not native to their part of the world. Their merchants traded for many things, including raw stone material such as basalt, obsidian, serpentine and jadeite, commodities such as salt, and animal products such as pelts, bright feathers, and seashells. When San Lorenzo declined after 900 BCE, it was replaced in importance by La Venta, whose merchants used many of the same trade routes followed by their forebears. Olmec Economy The Olmec needed basic goods, such as food and pottery, and luxury items such as jadeite and feathers for making ornaments for rulers or religious rituals. Most common Olmec â€Å"citizens† were involved in food production, tending fields of basic crops such as maize, beans, and squash, or fishing the rivers that flowed through the Olmec homelands. There is no clear evidence that the Olmecs traded for food, as no remains of foodstuffs not native to the region have been found at Olmec sites. The exceptions to this are salt and cacao, which were possibly obtained through trade. There appears to have been a brisk trade in luxury items such as obsidian, serpentine and animal skins, however. The Gulf Coast Olmec blossomed at a time when there were at least four other islands of expanding civilization in Mesoamerica: the Soconusco, the Basin of Mexico, the Copan Valley, and the Valley of Oaxaca. The Olmec trading practices, traced through the movement of goods produced or mined elsewhere, are key to understanding the Early and Middle Formative histories of Mesoamerica. Characteristics of the Olmec trading network include: baby-faced figurines (essentially, portable versions of the Olmec stone heads);distinctive white-rimmed blackware pottery and Calzadas Carved wares;abstract iconography, especially that of the Olmec dragon; andEl Chayal obsidian, a translucent to transparent banded black volcanic stone. Olmec Trading Partners The Mokaya civilization of the Soconusco region (Pacific coast Chiapas state in present-day Mexico) was nearly as advanced as the Olmec. The Mokaya had developed Mesoamericas first known chiefdoms and established the first permanent villages. The Mokaya and Olmec cultures were not too far apart geographically and were not separated by any insurmountable obstacles (such as an extremely high mountain range), so they made natural trade partners. The Mokaya adopted Olmec artistic styles in sculpture and pottery. Olmec ornaments were popular in Mokaya towns. By trading with their Mokaya partners, the Olmec had access to cacao, salt, feathers, crocodile skins, jaguar pelts and desirable stones from Guatemala such as jadeite and serpentine. Olmec commerce extended well into present-day Central America: there is evidence of local societies having contact with the Olmec in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. In Guatemala, the excavated village of El Mezak yielded many Olmec-style pieces, including jadeite axes, pottery with Olmec designs and motifs and figurines with the distinctive ferocious Olmec baby-face. There is even a piece of pottery with an Olmec were-jaguar design. In El Salvador, many Olmec-style knick-knacks have been found and at least one local site erected a man-made pyramid mound similar to Complex C of La Venta. In the Copan valley of Honduras, the first settlers of what would become the great Maya city-state of Copn showed signs of Olmec influence in their pottery. In the basin of Mexico, the Tlatilco culture began to develop about the same time as the Olmec, in the area occupied by Mexico City today. The Olmec and Tlatilco cultures evidently were in contact with one another, most likely through some sort of trade, and the Tlatilco culture adopted many aspects of Olmec art and culture. This may have even included some of the Olmec gods, as images of the Olmec Dragon and Banded-eye God appear on Tlatilco objects. The ancient city of Chalcatzingo, in present-day Morelos of central Mexico, had extensive contact with La Venta-era Olmecs. Located in a hilly region in the Amatzinac River valley, Chalcatzingo may have been considered a sacred place by the Olmec. From about 700–500 BCE, Chalcatzingo was a developing, influential culture with connections with other cultures from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The raised mounds and platforms show Olmec influence, but the most important connection is in the 30 or so carvings that are found on the cliffs that surround the city. These show a distinct Olmec influence in style and content. Importance of Olmec Trade The Olmec were the most advanced civilization of their time, developing an early writing system, advanced stonework and complicated religious concepts before other contemporary societies. For this reason, the Olmec had a great influence on other developing Mesoamerican cultures with which they came into contact. One of the reasons the Olmec were so important and influential- some archaeologists, but not all, consider the Olmec the mother culture of Mesoamerica- was the fact that they had extensive trade contact with other civilizations from the valley of Mexico well into Central America. The significance of the trade is that the Olmec cities of San Lorenzo and La Venta were the epicenter of the trade: in other words, goods such as Guatemalan and Mexican obsidian came into Olmec centers but were not traded directly to other growing centers. While the Olmec declined between 900–400 BCE, its former trading partners dropped the Olmec characteristics and grew more powerful on their own. Olmec contact with other groups, even if they did not all embrace the Olmec culture, gave many disparate and widespread civilizations a common cultural reference and a first taste of what complex societies might offer. Sources Cheetham, David. Cultural Imperatives in Clay: Early Olmec Carved Pottery from San Lorenzo and Cantà ³n Corralito. Ancient Mesoamerica 21.1 (2010): 165–86. Print.Coe, Michael D, and Rex Koontz. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. 6th Edition. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2008Diehl, Richard A. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson, 2004.Rosenswig, Robert M. Olmec Globalization: A Mesoamerican Archipelago of Complexity. The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization. Ed. Hodos, Tamar: Taylor Francis, 2016. 177–193. Print.

Internet Security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Security - Coursework Example Availability- Ensuring that the resources of the server and the data are up and running whenever needed. It is very crucial to ensure that any system downtime is not attributed to security compromise. For instance, the employees in different cities are able to access the information in the server located at the data canter. Non-repudiation: ensuring that all the computer users are liable for their actions in the organization’s computer or system. For instance, when someone’s user credential is used to login to a computer, that person is answerable for that action. Authentication – strives to verify that the person trying to perform an action is the right one. For example, one has to enter the email and the password to his or her email messages. Access control- strives at ensuring that the only person with exclusive control of computer resources has the authority. For instance, the company CISO should be the only one who has full control of user accounts. (b) Brie fly explain what vulnerabilities and controls are, and how they relate to each other. You may use an example to further illustrate the concepts. Vulnerability in computer or information security is a loop hole or a weakness that can be exploited by an attacker to compromise the security of the computer system. It is a combination of three key features: system flaw, ability of the attacker to access flaw and the attacker’s to capability to exploit the weakness. Security controls are countermeasures or safeguards implemented to prevent, lower or counteract any computer or network security risk. There are three major classes of controls. These are preventive controls, detective controls and corrective controls. A good example of a preventive control is the use of antimalware programs to prevent malware infections on the system. A monitoring system that tracks the system use is an example of a detective control while files and data recovery software used to retrieve lost data is a corrective control. The management of vulnerability is the basis of identifying the right system controls since it involves identification, classification, remedying and mitigating the flaw. (c) Discuss the use of controls. What principles need to be considered to maximise the effectiveness of controls that are in place in a computing system? Security control can be considered effective when applied in the right way. The security controls can be there but when one fails to use them effectively, they become less significant. There are three major classes of controls. These are preventive controls, detective controls and corrective controls. There are three principles that need to be considered to ensure maximum security. These are: The principle of effectives which insist that the security controls are effective they are applied in the right ways. Weakest link principle- there should be no point of weakness in a security control. Principle of easiest attack- the attacker always tri es to identify the weakest point to compromise the security. The weakest points are not necessarily the obvious link. 2. Wireless security requires addressing different aspects when compared with the case of wired networks. (a) Firewalls are a popular mechanism for protecting a network against a variety of threats. Give an overview of the different types of firewalls that exist, and describe their characteristics. According to Gregg (2010), firewalls

Cyber -Attacks on America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cyber -Attacks on America - Essay Example These include voice communication systems, financial institutions and federal agencies among others. Whereas physical attacks would be carried out by hostile foreign nations and terrorists, cyber-attacks could be executed by a wide array of enemies including organized protest groups, terrorists, foreign states and even teenagers. Additionally, Lee (2013) observes the incapacity to protect all computer networks or cell phones or pagers from attack, especially now that 95% of these gadgets are operated and owned by the private sector. Therefore, America is increasingly vulnerable to cyber-attacks which grow by breadth and complexity, indicating the need for the country to continuously adopt and re-engineer its protection approaches that would uphold its cybersecurity. Cyber-attack refers to an attack originated from a computer system against another computer system or a website, aimed at altering, stealing or erasing information or have the functionality of the targeted computer system impeded or destroyed (Lee, 2013). A report on cybercrime documented recently by Hewlett-Packard indicates that the number of cyber-attacks have risen by 42% as compared to the year 2012 (Lau & Xia, 2013). Organizations get successfully attacked 102 times weekly with the annualized cost as a result of these cyber-attacks rising to $8.9 million per organization. Furthermore, it was indicated that security breaches by an organization could cost it up to 1% of its market value. Citing the examples of recent attacks on HSBC, the New York Stock Exchange and major commercial banks such as Citi Bank and Bank of America, PricewaterhouseCoopers, PWC (2013) appreciates cyber-attacks as a serious problem in America that needs critical intervention. Types of Cyber Attacks Cyber-attacks could occur in different ways. First, it could occur in form of exploits. As explained by Vatis (2002), this form of attack involves a sequence of commands, chunk of data or piece of software which takes advantag e of software bug to cause unanticipated or unintended reaction by the computer hardware, software or any piece of electronic. It normally includes denial of service, allowing privilege escalation or gaining control of the system. Secondly, the attack could take the form of eavesdropping where the attacker surreptitiously listens to private conversation. This could be done through the monitoring of faint electronic magnetic transmissions which get generated by the hardware. Moreover, attackers have penetrated even the most secure computer systems leveraging on the carelessness of authorized individuals or through deliberate deceit of such individuals. Lee (2013) refers to this as social engineering. Denial of service attacks are a unique approach to cyber-attacks. They are not used to control a system or gain unauthorized access, but rather render the system unusable. This could include multiple deliberate entry of a wrong password to lock the user or overloading the capability of a system or network so as to block it. Finally, direct access to a computer system could lead to the installation of devices that could compromise security, including modification of operating systems. It could also include downloading crucial information from the system (Brenner, 2010). Using this knowledge, cyber attackers have adopted varied approaches to executing

The Iraq war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Iraq war - Research Paper Example The cold war was associated with near-series of close bloody engagements between the two1. The two superpowers involved the use of surrogate nations in their conflict, with Russia supporting Vietnam and the US supporting Afghan. Both the two countries lost the wars. Much of the devastation was felt by the global north countries. The Vietnam conflict resulted in 4 million deaths of Vietnamese and 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians deaths and displaced millions. To the contrary only 58,000 soldiers died with 300,000 wounded. The same situation is evident in the afghan with an estimation of almost 1.3 million deaths of Afghans and only 15,000 deaths of soviet soldiers. During soviets invasion of Afghanistan, the US through the CIA and other allied nations helped train guerilla fighters to resists the invasion of Soviet. Amongst the nations include Pakistani, Britain, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and China. The then United States security advisor urged President Carter that the Afghan resistance was to be supported, meaning they were to be funded and given arms. He informed him of the importance of Chinese and Pakistani support for the rebels. Within three days of submission of the memo to President Carter, the president made a public statement through the secretary of state informing the public of suspension bilateral talks with Soviet Union on the use of atomic energy peacefully. The US Moscow embassy was instructed to cut ties with Moscow. In 1985, president Regan praised the mujahideen fighters, referring to them as their brothers.

Youth and Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Youth and Juvenile Justice - Essay Example The surveys and opinion polls conducted by the government, academic, or private institutions has a great impact over juvenile justice in the sense that the gathered information from public opinions can be use in future planning regarding the necessary improvements on the existing policies and programs related to youth and juvenile justice (Strutin, 2009). Since there are a lot of people who choose to reject the use of purely punitive approach in criminal justice, long prison sentences among the juvenile criminals have been constantly decreasing over time (Hart, 2002). Nowadays, more people agree that punishing the youth is not the best solution in terms of fighting crimes especially among the non-violent offenders. Since juvenile crime prevention through education and youth programs is the best solution to address this type of social problem, more people are supporting the need to provide job and vocational training, family counseling, and increase the number of neighborhood activity centers for the young adults instead of focusing on punishment and enforcement (Hart, The impact of public opinion on juvenile justice and trend over time is great since there is a significant decrease in the number of juveniles held in residential placement in 2006 as compared to the number of juveniles in 1997. (See Table I – Washington State Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement below) The prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency includes: (1) the child as an individual; (2) the child’s group of friends; (3) the child’s family background such as cases of poor child-rearing, divorce, or family violence; (4) the school where the child is studying; (5) child’s neighborhood; and (6) influence of the media (Wasserman, et al., 2003). In relation to the prevalent risk and protective factors for child delinquency, a child should have a good behavioral foundation at home. Good parenting and guidance will decrease the chance that a